Question:
Treatment of Bordetella pertussis in a patient with a hypersensitivity to macrolides is:
doxycycline.
clindamycin (Cleocin).
metronidazole (Flagyl).
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim). Correct
Explanation:
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) is an alternative choice for patients in whom a macrolide is
contraindicated.
Question:
The mainstay of treatment in the management of mild and moderate croup is symptomatic relief that
includes:
antibiotics.
beta-2 agonists.
corticosteroids. Correct
decongestants.
Explanation:
The mainstay of treatment in the management of mild and moderate croup is symptomatic relief, which
includes corticosteroids (inhaled or oral). Antibiotics, beta-2 agonists and decongestants have not been
studied, and their use is discouraged.
Question:
In adults with community-acquired pneumonia in which B-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae is
identified as the causative organism, the outpatient treatment of choice is:
amoxicillin (Amoxil).
azithromycin (Zithromax).
Cefixime (Suprax). Correct
oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
Explanation:
The treatment of choice in adults with B-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae community
acquired pneumonia is cefixime (Suprax). Amoxicillin is recommended in the presence of non-B-lactamase
producing Haemophilus influenzae. Alternate antibiotics include fluoroquinolones (ie. moxifloxacin
[Avelox]), doxycycline, azithromycin and clarithromycin.
Question:
A patient with sinusitis is treated with amoxicillin. Caution is advised with concomitant use of:
lisinopril (Zestril).
fexofenadine (Allegra).
Explanation:
Amoxicillin should be used with caution with warfarin (Coumadin). The combination will increase the INR
and thus increase the risk of bleeding, possibly due to altered vitamin K production by gut flora. Amoxicillin
can be co- administered with lisinopril (Zestril), fexofenadine (Allegra), and furosemide (Lasix).
Question:
A patient with bacterial sinusitis taking an oral penicillin should be instructed:
to monitor capillary blood glucose readings if they have diabetes.
that additional protection against pregnancy is necessary if they are taking an oral contraceptive. Correct
to use an anti-diarrheal if they experience diarrhea.
to avoid penicillin if they are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
Explanation:
Penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic. The drug interactions of most concern with the beta-lactam
antibiotics are those with oral contraceptive products, methotrexate and valproic acid. In the case oral
contraceptives, even though a small percentage of women may potentially experience decreased
effectiveness of these birth control products while taking beta-lactam antibiotic, alternative birth control
methods should be considered while taking these antibiotics. Anti-diarrheal medicine should not be taken
because it may worsen or prolong diarrhea. Most penicillins are safe to use during pregnancy. Penicillins
may cause false readings with some urine glucose tests.
Question:
An example of a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma is:
dobutamine.
denopamine.
xamoterol.
albuterol. Correct
Explanation:
ß2 (beta2) adrenergic receptor agonists, also known as adrenergic ß2 receptor agonists, act on the ß2
adrenergic receptor. Like other ß adrenergic agonists, they cause smooth muscle relaxation. ß2 adrenergic
agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages. They are primarily used to treat
asthma and other pulmonary disorders, such as COPD. Examples of a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists
are albuterol, xamoterol, and terbutaline. The others are examples of beta1-adrenergic receptor agonists.
Question:
Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles), a non-narcotic antitussive,:
does not cause sedation.
is centrally acting on cough receptors.
is safe in children 6 years and older.
should be swallowed whole. Correct
Explanation:
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