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CLC Exam|103 Questions and Answers| Distinction Graded
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CLC Exam|103 Questions and Answers|Distinction Graded
What are Montgomery glands? - -Sebaceous glands on areola that are a
result of pregnancy hormones
-What do Montgomery glands do? - -Allow milk to mix with sebum, makes
milk sticky and anti-microbial
-Function of prolactin? - -Pro-lactation. Makes milk.
-What stimulates prolactin? - -Baby suckles/nipple stimulation stimulates
brain to secrete prolactin into blood and that triggers body to respond
-Do all humans have prolactin? - -Yes, everyone has prolactin all the time
but it is a matter of ramping it up for lactation.
-Function of oxytocin? - -Myoepithelial cells to contract, and uterus to
contract. Also milk letdown.
-What stimulates oxytocin? - -Nipple stretching (proper lactch), baby hand
massage, its is a conditioned response of milk ejection too.
-How does the body make milk? - -Messages from the breast travel in
nervous system to brain and then hormones travel in blood back to breast.
-How are milk composition and feed frequency related? - -High fat, protein,
water milk producers will nurse less often.
-General composition of human milk? - -High in lactose, water. Low in
protein, fat. Very dilute --> Due to this composition nursing should be
frequent.
-What are the 3 stages of lactogenesis? - -Lactogenesis I: colostrum
(placental hormone influence)
Lactogenesis II: transitional milk (birth of placenta causes drop in
progesterone)
Lactogenesis III: mature milk (occurs at same time as stage II due to
continual nipple stimulation)
-How is milk composition different with pre-term babies? - -For first 5-7
weeks milk is generally higher in protein, fat and every content. Milk volume
is not any greater.
, -After one year of nursing how does milk composition change? - -It becomes
higher in fat and energy but volume does not increase.
-How does milk composition change at 24 months? - -Carbs drop
significantly, fat increases significantly, slight protein increase. Overall more
energy content (~30 kcal/oz vs ~18 kcal/oz for 1st year)
-How much energy does fat provide from milk? - -About 49%
-Hind milk vs foremilk? - -More complex than we originally thought, no firm
consensus if there is more fat in hind milk, it is possible that both have equal
amounts.
-What are three times when breast milk composition can change? - -Within
a day, during a feeding, over the course of lactation.
-Is baby fat intake affected by specific practices during a feed? - -There is
no difference in net fat intake according to # of breasts suckled per feed or
breastfeeding frequency.
-How can milk composition vary within a feed? - -Degree of breast
emptying, amount available to begin with, breast storage capacity, faster
removal (faster removal = higher fat content)
-What are some benefits of exclusive breastfeeding? - -- less diarrhea
- better iron amount
- presence of bifidus factor
- provides hormones and growth hormone
- white blood cells/immunity
-SIgA antibodies
-B12 binding factor
-lactorferrin
-cell wall disrupters
-microbes from mom
-absence of exposure from contaminants
-HMOs
-How does breast milk protect against diarrhea? - -it is more acidic than
formula and leads to a more favorable gut pH, also breastfeeding during
diarrhea helps to maintain a baby's gut microbiota
-How does the relatively low iron content in milk help baby? - -Excess
amounts of iron can feed the bad microbes in a baby's gut, leading to
diarrhea
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