3. Risk Factors of chronic kidney disease: - Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Recurrent pyelonephritis
- Polycystic kidney disease
- History of exposure to toxins
- Age over 65
- Ethnicity (African American male higher risk)
4. complications of chronic kidney disease: - hypertension and cardiovascu...
2
NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology
Exam 2 Review Study Guide
1. What are the three stages of AKI presentation?: - Prodromal
- Oliguric
- post-oliguric
2. Causes of chronic kidney disease: - Outcome of progressive and irrevocable loss of
functional nephrons.
- Due to kidney not recovering
• Can lead up to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) which requires dialysis
3. Risk Factors of chronic kidney disease: - Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Recurrent pyelonephritis
- Polycystic kidney disease
- History of exposure to toxins
- Age over 65
- Ethnicity (African American male higher risk)
4. complications of chronic kidney disease: - hypertension and cardiovascular disease
- uremic syndrome
- metabolic acidosis
- electrolyte imbalances
- bone and mineral disorders
- malnutrition
- anemia
- pain
- depression
5. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease: - (increased blood volume) Hyper- volemia,
escalated atherosclerotic process
6. Uremic Syndrome: - Can't get rid of normal metabolic waste
Retention of metabolic wastes, impaired healing, pruritusm dermatitis, and uremic frost (itching
1/
, & discomfort)
7. . Metabolic acidosis: - Retention of acidic waste products, hyperkalemia
8. Electrolyte Imbalances: - Retained potassium (hyperkalemia), phosphorus, and
magnesium
9. Bone and mineral disorders: Elevated phosphorus and PTH causes altered
bone/mineral metabolism.
Kidneys are unable to reabsorb calcium (body steals calcium from parts of the body)
2/
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