COPE Health Scholars Written Exam Review Questions & Answers 100% Correct.(SCORED A)
INFECTION PREVENTION (MODULE 12) - ANSWER-
True or False? Scholars may not enter Contact PLUS isolation rooms? - ANSWER-
False
What does HAI stand for? define HAI - ANSWER-stands for Hospital Associated Infection.
leading cause of death in US
HAI is an infection that is transmitted in a healthcare or hospital setting from delivering care
What are 4 examples of multi-drug resistant organisms? aka antibiotic resistant - ANSWER-1) methicillin-resistant staphylococcus Aerus (MRSA)
2) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
3) Extended spectrum B-lactamase producing (ESBL)
4) Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff)
What are the 3 levels of Infection Prevention in health care setting? - ANSWER-Tier 1: Standard Precautions: protect all patients regardless of diagnoses
Tier 2: Transmission Based Precaution: Precautions healthcare staff must take in order to protect from being infected by patient with a known infection
Tier 3: Patient Protective Precaution: Immune compromised patients that need to be safeguarded from environment
Give 6 examples of the types of patients considered immune-comprised patients - ANSWER-1) Newborn babies (especially premature babies)
Remember they do not have the necessary antibodies and have weak cell-mediated immunity 2) elderly: have a slower immune system, that does not respond very quickly to infectious agents upon their entry 3) Surgical patients: tissue exposure during surgery that serves as a portal entry for infectious agents
4) immune compromised (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy patients, organ transplant)
5) seriously ill patients (chemotherapy, HIV/AID, organ transplant)
6) physically and nutritionally depleted patients who are not getting essential nutrients and minerals and energy to develop a strong immune system
What is the central premise of Standard precautions? - ANSWER-All bodily fluids are potentially infectious
Name a few examples of bodily fluids - ANSWER-*amniotic fluid, *pleural fluid (from excess build-up fluid in pleural cavity of lungs)
*pericardial fluid (excess build up fluid in sac-like structure surrounding heart, the pericardium)
*sputum
*nasal secretion
*blood
*non-intact skin
*saliva
*semen
*vaginal fluids
What are the 3 types of transmission based precautions - ANSWER-1) contact (either direct or indirect) : any skin to skin contact with patient, gown, surfaces patient has touches.
2) droplet: infectious agent that transmits infection when they travel from respiratory tract from infected individual via sneezing or coughing to susceptible mucosal surfaces of recipient (less than 3 feet away)
3) airborne: via contaminated dust particles or minute droplet nuclei (can be transmitted more than 3 feet away)
Give examples of common bacterial infections - ANSWER-1) Streptococcus 2) staphylococcus 3) Tuberculosis
Give examples of common viral infections - ANSWER-1) HIV --> AIDS
2) Epstein-Barre syndrome
3) Influenza virus 4) Hepatitis B What are complications that result from being infected with Streptococcus? - ANSWER-
Pharyngitis (strep throat), toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin infections
What are some complication that result from being infected with Staphylococcus? aka toxic shock syndrome - ANSWER-mild skin infections (pimples, impetigo), meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia
What are some complications that result from being infected with TB? - ANSWER-
coughing up blood, known as respiratory illness that causes progressive lung damage, fever, night sweats, weight loss. It can also effect many organs including the kidneys and intestines
What is AIDS? - ANSWER-AIDS is a complication of HIV. This basically means that the infected individual has lost cell-mediated immunity (the person's innate immune system)
and are therefore way more vulnerable to opportunistic infections. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
What does Hepatitis B cause/complications? How is it transmitted? - ANSWER-causes irreversible liver damage, due to inflammation of liver. (Cirrhosis)
Transmitted mainly through sexual contact, sharing needles, or other drug equipment, or even from mother to baby
How is HIV transmitted, and what are some other complications besides AIDS? - ANSWER-HIV is transmitted via blood, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid, semen, breast milk in mother. These fluids must come into contact w/ a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the bloodstream
What does Epstein-Barre syndrome cause/complications? - ANSWER-First off it is a herpesvirus that infects B cells of immune system
Can cause Burkitt's lymphoma: large tumors in facial and abdominal regions (cancer of lymphatic system)
Can also cause Infectious Mononucleosis: known as "kissing disease" transmitted through saliva. It can cause fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes
What complications result from Influenza virus? - ANSWER-First off it is an enveloped virus that can undergo rapid changes. This is also why there is annual renewal of the vaccine, because the vaccine of the previous year is not effective.
Complications: can cause fatal bacterial superinfections especially in young children Give examples of bloodborne pathogens. How can bloodborne pathogens be transmitted? - ANSWER-Hepatitis B, C and HIV
Can be transmitted during recapping needles, and cuts from contaminated sharp instruments. Also blood splash exposures (via the eyes, skin, nose or mouth)
T or F? It is completely okay to bring flowers and fresh fruit in neutropenic isolation rooms (patient-protection precaution) - ANSWER-False
T or F? Alcohol rub/antimicrobial hand sanitizer is NOT appropriate hand hygiene when entering and leaving Contact PLUS isolation rooms (aka Contact Enteric Isolation Rooms) - ANSWER-True. You must wash your hands with soap and water, because hand sanitizer will not kill contact PLUS pathogens such as C. diff
What are some environmental controls that can be taken to limit transmission? - ANSWER-1) Environmental cleaning: disinfecting patient areas and non-porous surfaces that infected patient have touched. Generally cleaning is essential however
2) Patient Placement: place patient who contaminate the environment or cannot maintain proper hygiene in private room
3) Positive or Negative Air Flow Room/ Units
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via contact? - ANSWER-
Scabies, Shigella, Salmonella, and MRSA
What are some examples of patients that can transmit illness through droplet transmission? - ANSWER-Those infected with Pertussis, Pneumonia, influenza virus, and strep throat
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via the air (airborne)? - ANSWER-Tuberculosis, SARS, shingles (herpes zoster), measles, and Varicella
Why is it restricted for Scholars to enter airborne isolation rooms?
A) Scholars will most likely forget to wear proper PPE
B) Scholars can enter airborne isolation rooms as long as they are wearing proper PPE
C) Scholars do not have a strong immune system since most are under the age of 20, and a fully developed immune system does not develop until 25
D) Staff must wear N-95 masks, which are specific to each and every clinical staff member and are not available to Scholars - ANSWER-D
What pathogens are germicidal disposable wipes effective against? - ANSWER-
Bacteria, viruses, and TB
