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Summary 2.1 Thinking and Remembering

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Summary of 2,1 Thinking and Remembering. I guarantee reading ONLY this summary will help you get a grade 8 and above. This summary contains detailed notes, colorful pictures, and answered in-depth questions about each problem. My notes helped me get a 9, so I hope they'll help you as well and good ...

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  • September 5, 2023
  • 164
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

1  review

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By: kirucatalina • 1 year ago

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1. Where’s Your Head At?
Created @September 6, 2022 6:17 AM

Reviewed once



Selective Attention (Problem A)
Selective attention

processes that allow an individual to select & focus on particular input for further
processing while simultaneously suppressing irrelevant or distracting
information

deliberate

girl is selectively attending to reading her book while deliberately ignoring the
other stimuli




1. Where’s Your Head At? 1

, Cocktail party phenomenon

process of tracking one convo in the face of the distraction of other
conversations

studied by “shadowing”

more continuous because a lot convos can be heard through parties




Shadowing

Dichotic presentation

each ear is presented a separate message




1. Where’s Your Head At? 2

, Explanation

Listen to 2 different messages & follow one message

“shadowing” one but ignoring the other

notice physical or sensory changes in the ignored/unattended message

eg. voice / tone change

HOWEVER failed to notice semantic changes (meaning in language & logic)
or when language shifts

eg. from English to German or played backwards

1/3 ppl when their name is presented ▶ will switch their attention to their name
these people tend to have limited WM capacity ▶ easily distracted

3 Factors to selectively attend

Distinctive sensory characteristics of the target’s speech

high vs low pitch, pacing and rhythmicity

sound intensity - loudness

location of the sound source - least important


Theories of Selective Attention
Filter theory

blocks some of the info going through & selects only a part of the total info to
pass through the next stage



1. Where’s Your Head At? 3

, Bottleneck theory

slows down the flow of info passing through

everything can be processed

depends on how much info is going through

2 Main differences

1. Is there a distinct “filter” for incoming info?

2. If yes, where in the processing of information does the filter occur?

Broadbent’s Model




Model EXPLAINED

Filter info right after we notice it at the sensory level

Multiple channels of sensory input reach an attentional filter

Those channels can be distinguished by physical characteristics eg. loudness,
pitch

Filter permits only ONE CHANNEL of sensory info to proceed & reach the
process of perception

Supported by Colin Cherry’s findings

sometimes sensory info may be noticed by an unattended ear if it DOES NOT
have to be processed elaborately

eg. tone switch

BUT info requiring higher perceptual processes is not noticed if not attended
to

eg. switching languages



1. Where’s Your Head At? 4

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