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AS Level 9700 Biology [] common questions
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A document with all the common theory questions for CIE AS level Biology- 9700 [seen across years of past papers] written with their corresponding solutions.
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Common Biology Questions CIE AS level 9700QUESTIONS
1) Differentiate between light and 2) Describe Prophase in detail
electron microscopes
3) Describe Metaphase 4) Describe Anaphase
5) Describe the role of carrier proteins 6) Describe Telophase
7) What is cytokinesis 8) Explain Transcription
9) What happens during DNA replication 10) Explain Translation
11) What is Cell Signaling 12) Describe the structure of the HIV virus
13) Describe Translocation 14) What is the transpirational Pull
15) Formation of tissue fluid 16) Describe Polymerisation
s
17) What are the four structures of 18) Types of bonding in tertiary structures
proteins
te
19) What are globular proteins
21) Explain the structure of Hemoglobin
of proteins
20) What are fibrous proteins
22) Explain the structures of Collagen
no
23) How are triglycerides formed? 24) Factors affecting enzymes
25) Explain the role of Catalase 26) What are enzyme inhibitors
27) Define: Osmosis, Diffusion, and 28) What is gene mutation?
Facilitated Diffusion and Active
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Transport and Endocytosis and
Exocytosis. What is the difference
between the two sets of three.
29) Name, pathogen, transmission, and 30) Types of Phagocytes
site of action for HIV, cholera, malaria,
and tuberculosis
31) What are Monoclonal Antibodies? 32) What is phagocytosis
33) What are the functions of T 34) What are the functions of B
lymphocytes lymphocytes
35) How do WBCs increase in number 36) Importance of memory cells
during an infection?
37) Types and importance of stem cells 38) Antibody resistance
39) Blood pressure in the blood vessels 40) Reactions of Haemoglobin, Oxygen,
explained and Carbon Dioxide
41) The Bohr Shift 42) Parts of the Heart
, Common Biology Questions CIE AS level 9700
43) Explain the cardiac cycle 44) Explain the role of the sinoatrial node,
Purkinje fibers, and the atrioventricular
node in a heartbeat.
45) Types of immunity + examples 46) Antibodies explained
47) Functions of penicillin 48) Structure and functions of the lungs
49) Diseases caused by smoking 50) Immune Response
ANSWERS
1) Light - 400 mags, 200 nm res, uses 2) Chromosomes condense,
light, and glass as reflecting surfaces. centrosomes start making mitotic
Less expensive. Can see stains. Living spindles, and arrays of asters move to
or dead specimen. poles of the cell. Nucleoli disappears.
s
Electron - 25000 magnification, 2nm PROMETAPHASE - chromosomes
resolution, uses electrons. More condense further, visible as two
te
expensive, black and white only, dead
specimens only. Two types -
transmission - more res, slice through,
and scanning - only scans the surface,
separate chromatids. Nuclear
envelope fragments. Kinetochore
protein made at centromeres.
Kinetochore MTs connect to
no
lower res. centromeres. Non kinetochore MTs
connect to ends of poles.
3) The chromosomes are pulled to the 4) The Histone binding the two
equator of the cell by the microtubules centromeres together breaks and the
and are lined up to form the sister chromatids are pulled in
metaphase plate. The cell continues opposite directions to the poles of the
to lengthed. Out of the kinetochore cell, lengthening the cell. There are
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microtubule attached to each of the now two equal and complete sets of
sister chromatids, both are attached chromosomes at the poles of the cell.
to opposite ends of the cell. Shortest stage- only a couple of
minutes
5) Carrier proteins are proteins that are 6) Telophase is the final stage of
found in the cell membrane that serve mitosis. During this stage, the nucleoli
a purpose to help transport polar reappear and the nuclear envelope
compounds and molecules into the reforms. There are two distinct nuclei
cell by the means of facilitated in the cell, and the cell itself is about
diffusion and active transport. An H+ to divide. The remaining mitotic
pump is used to carry certain metal spindle is depolymerised. Division of
ions like Na+ and K+ with the help of one nucleus into two nuclei is
ATP [this uses energy and hence is complete.
active transport] and channel proteins
which simple allow the polar
molecules to pass through without
coming in contact with the
hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid
bilayer.
, Common Biology Questions CIE AS level 9700
7) Cytokinesis is the splitting of the cell. 8) Transcription occurs in the nucleus of
In animal cells, its done by a cleavage the cell. Part of a DNA molecule
furrow that pinches the ends of the unwinds and the H bonds between the
cell together as it begins to split into bases break. This allows the gene to
two. In plant cells, vesicles from the be transcribed. A complimentary copy
golgi bodies begin forming a barrier in of the code from the gene is made by
between the plants [fom the middle building a single stranded RNA. A RNA
outwards], and this barrier then fuses polymerase covers the unwound
with the cell wall, splitting the cell into strand of DNA and complimentary
two. bases are attached. The H bonds
between the RNA strand and the DNA
strand then break and the DNA strand
is wound back together. The mRNA
then leaves the nucleus through a
nuclear pore.
9) During DNA replication, the original 10) Translation occurs in a ribosome. The
s
strand is used as a template, and the transcripted mrna enters the ribsomal
newly formed strand has one original subunit ready for translation. A Trna
strand [template strand] and one new comes to the mra strand with three
te
one. This is semi conservative dna
replication. The DNA is unwound, the
H bonds between the bases breaking.
Then DNA polymerase begins to add
bases attached. These three bases
code for an amino acid and are called
codons. The official translation
process begins with the start codon
no
complimentary bases to both the AUG. the trna adds the three
chains. On one newly build stand, it complimentary bases in order to the
goes from 5 to 3, which is the order of mrna strand, and they form temporary
DNA polymerase, so its the leading hydrogen bonds. This process
strand. The other strand is the lagging requires energy from ATP, which is
strand. It goes from 3 to 5, against the taken from free nucleotides. Then
DNA polymerase, so the bases are another trna adds another codon. Only
added on in pieces called the okazaki two trna fit in the ribosome at once.
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fragments. These fragments are then The codons are added, peptide bonds
stuck together with dna ligase. After forming between them, untila
that we have two new strands and two polypeptide chain is formed. This
old strands. The template strands polypeptide chain then breaks the
have hydrogen bonds to the new hydrogen bonds between it and the
strands and wind together forming a mra and leaves the ribosome.
double helix of semi conserved dna Translation is complete.
11) Cell signalling is when the protein 12) - 2 RNA strands
receptors on the cell membrane of the - protein coat,
cell observe a stimulus. The receptors - phospholipid bilayer envelope,
then activate a G protein, which then - GP 41
in turn activates an enzyme which - GP 120,
converts this signal into a message
that can be passed on [this process is
called transduction]. Signalling
molecules are often called ligands.
They bind themselves to the receptors
of the target cell.
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