1. Pavlov’s study of classical conditioning began as an extension of his work on
a. digestion. b. pain.
c. the auditory system. d. the knee-jerk reflex.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Page 58
KEYWORDS: Fact
2. Pavlov supplemented the funds for his laboratory by which of the following?
a. tra...
1. Procedural learning does not require
a. an animal that can learn.
b. awareness that learning has occurred.
c. any training trials.
d. antecedent stimuli.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Page 3
KEYWORDS: Fact
2. Sarah is interested in behavior accessible to conscious reflection. In terms of learning, she is probably most
interested in
a. procedural learning.
b. problematic learning.
c. declarative learning.
d. esoteric learning.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 3
KEYWORDS: Concept
3. Which of the following most correctly states Descartes’ position on human and animal behavior?
a. Human behavior is governed by free will; animal behavior is governed by reflexes.
b. A few human and animal behaviors are governed by free will; most are governed by reflexes.
c. Voluntary human behaviors are governed by free will; involuntary human behaviors and all animal behaviors
are governed by reflexes.
d. All human and animal behaviors can be explained by reflex mechanisms.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 5
KEYWORDS: Concept
4. According to Descartes, what is the difference between human and animal behaviors?
a. Humans can perform voluntary behaviors; animals can perform only involuntary behaviors.
b. Humans respond to environmental stimuli; animals only behave reflexively.
c. Human reflexes are voluntary; animal reflexes are involuntary.
d. Human behavior is explainable by natural laws; animal behavior is unpredictable.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Page 5
KEYWORDS: Concept
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,Chapter 01 : Introduction
5. The philosophical tenet that some of the content of the human mind is innate is called
a. dualism.
b. nativism.
c. empiricism.
d. reflexism.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Page 5
KEYWORDS: Fact
6. Nativist and empiricist philosophies differ in beliefs of
a. the contents, but not the mechanisms, of the human mind.
b. the contents and mechanisms of the human mind only at birth.
c. the contents and mechanisms of the human mind.
d. the mechanisms, but not the contents, of the human mind.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 6
KEYWORDS: Concept
7. John Locke believed that
a. the human mind was unpredictable and governed by free will.
b. the ideas humans had were acquired directly or indirectly after birth.
c. nativism best described human cognition.
d. rules of association did not explain human behavior.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Page 6
KEYWORDS: Fact
8. According to Thomas Hobbes,
a. reflexes were predictable; the mind was not.
b. the mind was predictable; responses to environmental cues were not.
c. neither the operations of the mind nor reflexes were predictable.
d. both reflexes and the operations of the mind were predictable.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Page 6
KEYWORDS: Fact
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, Chapter 01 : Introduction
9. The concept of hedonism as the control for voluntary behavior was proposed by which philosopher?
a. Aristotle
b. Locke
c. Hobbes
d. Brown
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 6
KEYWORDS: Fact
10. The British empiricists believed that complex ideas are
a. sense experiences.
b. present at birth.
c. the product of simple sensations combined by association.
d. simple reflex responses.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 6
KEYWORDS: Fact
11. Which of the following is not a primary rule of association?
a. contingency
b. contiguity
c. similarity
d. contrast
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Page 6
KEYWORDS: Fact
12. Of the primary rules of association, which has been most prominent in considerations of associations?
a. similarity
b. contingency
c. contrast
d. contiguity
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Page 6
KEYWORDS: Fact
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