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BIOS 255 Final Exam(Up-to-date, )(V1) / BIOS255 Final Exam / BIOS 255 Week 8 Final Exam / BIOS255 Week 8 Final Exam: A & P III: Chamberlain College of Nursing $10.99   Add to cart

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BIOS 255 Final Exam(Up-to-date, )(V1) / BIOS255 Final Exam / BIOS 255 Week 8 Final Exam / BIOS255 Week 8 Final Exam: A & P III: Chamberlain College of Nursing

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BIOS 255 Final Exam(Up-to-date, ) / BIOS255 Final Exam / BIOS 255 Week 8 Final Exam / BIOS255 Week 8 Final Exam: A & P III: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct|

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  • August 24, 2023
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BIOS 255 FINAL EXAM

1. Explain the difference between nonspecific and specific defense and the role of lymphocytes in each of

the immune response.

Nonspecific Resistance (Innate Immunity)


 Present at birth ad includes defense mechanisms that provide general protection against invasion by a wide

range of pathogens


Immunity (Adaptive Immunity)


 Involves activation of specific lymphocytes that combat a particular pathogen or other foreign substance


Lymphocytes provide specific defense. They respond to the presence of invading pathogens, abnormal body cells, and

foreign proteins by physical and chemical attacks.


2. Identify the major components of the lymphatic system and explain their functions.

Thymus – produces T-cells for immune response.


The spleen - largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body. The spleen destroy blood-borne pathogens and

worn-out red blood cells by phagocytosis


Lymph Nodes- produce lymphocytes that kill pathogens, harmful foreign particles and debris from lymph before it is

returned to the blood stream.


Lymph vessels -act as reservoirs for plasma and other substances including cells that have leaked from the vascular

system and transport lymph fluid back from the tissues to the circulatory system.


Tonsils - trap bacteria and viruses that are people breathe. Antibodies produced in the tonsils kill these bacteria and

viruses to prevent throat and lung infections.

, 3. List the body’s nonspecific defenses, and explain the function of two of them, also describe the

components and mechanisms.


Nonspecific Resistance (Innate Immunity)- Present at birth ad includes defense mechanisms that provide

general protection against invasion by a wide range of pathogens

Mechanical defenses


 Epidermis of skin Forms physical barrier to entrance of microbes.

 Mucous membranes Inhibit entrance of many microbes, but not as effective as intact skin.

 Mucus Traps microbes in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

 Hairs Filter out microbes and dust in nose. Cilia Together with mucus trap and remove microbes and dust

from upper respiratory tract.

 Lacrimal apparatus Tears dilute and wash away irritating substances and microbes.

 Saliva Washes microbes from surfaces of teeth and mucous membranes of mouth.

 Urine Washes microbes from urethra.

 Defecation and vomiting Expel microbes from body.




Chemical defenses


 Sebum Forms protective acidic film over skin surface that inhibits growth of many microbes.

 Lysozyme Antimicrobial substance in perspiration, tears, saliva, nasal secretions, and tissue fluids.

 Gastric juice Destroys bacteria and most toxins in stomach.

 Vaginal secretions Slight acidity discourages bacterial growth; flush microbes out of vagina.


4. Discuss the types of T cells and the role played by each in the immune response, and explain the

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