Assessment - An ongoing process through which the counselor collaborates with the
client and others to gather and interpret information necessary for planning
treatment and evaluating client progress. Tools include:
1. observations
2. clinical interviews
3.laboratory tests
4. tests and self-report inventories (instruments)
Assessment Considerations - 1. Cultural Relevance - taking into account the client's
social context.
2. Client Explanation - procedures, purpose of assessment, most helpful
interventions available & ability to ask questions.
Biopsychosocial Perspective - Recognizes that there are biological, psychological and
social causes of substance abuse and dependence.
Biological Factors - Brain chemistry problems, which may be genetic. Genetics
influence biochemistry, and biochemistry makes some people particularly
vulnerable to addiction to certain drugs one they try them.
Psychological Factors - Cognitive styles, personality traits, and early developmental
experiences.
Social Factors - Poverty, oppression, poorly developed social skills, and family
dysfunction.
Assessment Information - 1. Presenting problems
2. Alcohol and other drug use
3. Psychiatric and chemical dependency treatment
4. Medical history
5. Current health status
6. Family relationships
7. Social and leisure activities
8. Education and vocational training
9. Employment history
10. Legal problems
11. Mental/ emotional functioning
12. Strengths and weaknesses
Immediate Medical Evaluation Needed - Client's who present with:
1. Hallucinations
, 2. Severe tremors
3. Tachycardia
4. Confusion or delirium
5. Uncontrollable agitation
6. Ingested unknown substances or quantities of substances
Tremors - Involuntary fine movement of the body or limbs
Tachycardia - Abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
Withdrawal Risk Factors - 1. History of withdrawal
2. History of seizures
3. Dependence on multiple substances
Rapport - A comfortable working relationship, which helps assure the client's trust
and cooperation.
Person First Language - Placement of the noun (individual or person) before the
descriptive phrase (with
disabilities) to conceptualize the whole person with many abilities and disabilities
rather than
emphasizing disabilities.
Motivational Interviewing - Used for ALL phases of treatment. A style of interacting
with clients that is helpful in reducing defensiveness and encouraging therapeutic
collaboration between counselor and client. Counselors use the interpersonal
process to enhance client's motivation to change. Motivational Interviewing respects
the clients perception of the problem and engages the client in a dialogue that
promotes the client non-defensively reexamining the situation and coming to
determine that a problem exists.
Self Efficacy - Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that
should lead to expected outcomes. those with high levels for a particular task are
more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Stages of Change - 1. Precontemplation—people do not think they have a problem
and have no intention of changing behavior
2. Contemplation—people know they have a problem and are intending to take
action within 6 months
3. Preparation—people plan to take action within a month
4. Action—people outwardly modify their behavior and environment
5. Maintenance—successful behavior change for 6 months or longer
6. Termination—people are no longer tempted by the behavior which they have
changed
Reliability - The extent to which a test yields consistent results.
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