Summary Alevel History: Political Instability 1918-24 Mindmap
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Course
Depth Study (7042CO)
Institution
AQA
Complete notes on Germany's 1918-24 political instability from the AQA Alevel History, Democracy & Nazism course from an A* student!!!
This includes information on;
-Spartacist Uprising
-Kapp Putsch
-Munich Putsch
-Political Assassinations.
As part of my ALevel studies, I compiled down my ...
Showed there
was
discontent During next couple of
with the gov years there were other
BUT the fact threats from LW but
it was easily these were ruthlessly
On 5th Jan 1919. Led by Karl surpassed, crushed & ultimately just
Liebknecht & Rosa Luxemburg. leaders taken created a fear of
Uprising at Berlin to overthrow away quickly, communism among the
gov and enforce communism. only lasted a MC, making them turn
Offices and public buildings week, makes to more extreme RW
were taken over. However, it it not that big parties. Caused a
was poorly prepared and of a threat to general unrest but
By this point the country was well and truly in a lacked support. Freikorps
hyperinflation and so used this disastrous economic policy the WR nothing was that serious
removed the uprising. Leaders
to their adv, blaming the gov for this as mess were executed/arrested.
SPARTACIST Some order had been restored
UPRISING 1919 by 1920 & the gov had to follow
Ebert-Groener pact had a the tov (reducing the army) so
RW crimes were being virtually unpunished
no communist deal they felt there was no need for
in the WR - due to judges favouring RW Why there were
ideas as they had not been democratised UNSUCCESSFUL OTHER THREATS the Freikorps anymore.
General fear of
Long list of grievances from the gov - communism Luttwitz refused to disband them & marched
armistice, tov, stab in back Use of RW
Left Wing
First major crisis from the RW. troops with the support of Kapp, into Berlin
Why did Hitler paramilitary Led by RW Freikorps in protest and to gain support. Gov had to
choose 1923 Eg freikorps groups
H convinced that Bavarian gov leaders Long term Causes flee Berlin when they marched in & Kapp
would support him - B was very proclaimed a new gov headed by himself.
nationalistic & conservative
Short
MUNICH Political instability/threats during 1919 - 23
Medium term PUTSCH - NOV KAPP PUTSCH -
term MARCH 1920 However, failed to gain widespread
Nazi party seemed ready to seize power 1923
The RW extremists who felt dedicated support - Ebert called upon a
by force. Had 50,000 members & the SA to killing LW politicians were known as Right Wing general strike in Berlin which
In 1923, hyperinflation had caused its peak. Virtually no punishment - caused the Putsch to collapse as
Time was right to exploit these grievances of the the 'Patriotic Leagues'
gov realised they still Berlin was at a standstill
H developed close relationship with Ludendorff German people and due to the weakness of the needed them to fight the
WR for not dealing with these problems, people Between these early years, Weimar POLITICAL
where he hoped that L would be able to communists and since
were more willing to turn to extremist parties politicians lived in fear of assassinations ASSASSINATIONS
persuade the army to desert the gov & help them the judiciary had not
Able to occupy gov buildings
been democratised -
Significance - inspires more and more RW assassinations as but not able to govern
What happened - many judges sympathetic
However, it is poorly
a result of no punishment and also highlights that there was to RW because they are
planned. Ludendorff RW were
hostility for the WR from judges too (since they were being it themselves
8 November 1923 lets Lossow and Kahr responsible for Kapp & Luttwitz
nice to RW but not the left)
go which is a crucial 354 political forced to flee
Lossow and Kahr are addressing 2, Traps Lossow mistake as this assassinations
and Kahr in a allows them to alert Arguably only a threat to the politicians life rather than with only 22 from
000 RW supporters in a meeting in Although this did not cause any direct harm to WR, symbolised there
sideroom and at Ebert of the Nazis democracy as an institution, however there were fears the LW
a Munich beer hall was still a growing amount of resentment towards the WR and more
gunpoint tells plan that it could destroy democracy
importantly, the fact that there was no punishment, it encouraged
them to follow his other RW threats because they could essentially get away with it. WR
Over 700,000 people demonstrated in Only 1 in 705
Hitler comes in and declares plan (marching Example = Walter Rathenhau, in many ways inflicting their own problems
So, when Hitler Berlin as a result of his assassination - prosecuted
a national revolution into Berlin on 9th the foreign minister who was
marches down to showing that actually the general public were sentenced
Nov and declare involved with the armistice
Munich (to gather did not approve of these violent to imprisonment
a new gov) AND the signing of the ToV.
support before going measures, why the extremist parties He was shot in June 1922
to Berlin), he is met didn't grow that much during these years
H flees (doesn't show that he is a v good leader) but is caught on with armed police
the 11th where he is arrested. However, could and should have where both sides
had the death penalty but was instead only sentenced to 5 years shoot each other.
which actually only ended up lasting 9 months. Show's their
tolerance for the RW
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