Summary AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY REVISION GUIDE
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Course
Psychopathology
Institution
AQA
A full revision guide for the AQA psychology specification, covering the Psychopathology topic.
This booklet contains all relevant A01 points, fully written A03 paragraphs, a set of practice essay questions, a set of practice exam questions, and a topic checklist.
This document can be used as...
Definitions of abnormality: Deviation from Social Norms, Failure to Function
Adequately, Deviation from Ideal Mental Health, Statistical Infrequency
The behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of phobias, depression
and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias: the two-process model,
including classical and operant conditioning
The behavioural approach to treating phobias: systematic desensitisation,
including relaxation and use of hierarchy; flooding
The cognitive approach to explaining depression: Beck’s negative triad and Ellis’s
ABC model
The cognitive approach to treating depression: cognitive behaviour therapy
(CBT), including challenging irrational thoughts
The biological approach to explaining OCD: genetic and neural explanations
The biological approach to treating OCD: drug therapy
,Social Norm
Social norms are a set of socially accepted unwritten rules for
acceptable behaviour.
Deviating from Social Norms
When someone is said to deviate from social norms, this means that
they display a behaviour that goes against normal behaviour, so they
are seen as abnormal.
Example of Deviation
If someone was to walk around the streets of England naked, they
would be seen as abnormal as it is not socially acceptable to be naked
in public in England. However if they were to do so in a remote African
tribe, they would be seen as normal as this is part of their culture.
Evaluation
Classifications are culture bound; issue of cultural relativism,
where cultural norms and values are culture specific; no
standardised way of defining abnormality on a global scale.
Relies heavily on context; therefore demonstrates that the
deviation from social norms explanation of abnormality fails to
offer a complete explanation of abnormal behaviour.
, Functioning Adequately
Functioning adequately refers to someone’s ability to deal with
everyday life and ordinary tasks.
Failing to Function Adequately
When someone is said to fail to function adequately, it means that
they cannot cope with the demands of everyday life and function in
society. When this failure to function causes suffering or distress, a
person is classed as abnormal.
Example of Failing to Function
If someone is suffering with schizophrenia, they may experience a
negative symptom such as avolition where they find it hard to get up
and work towards a goal or lack motivation. This is seen as abnormal,
as their schizophrenia causes an inability to cope with the demands of
everyday life.
Evaluation
Takes personal experiences into account; demonstrates useful
criteria to determine abnormality, captures more holistic
understanding of level of support needed.
Fails to take individual differences into account; if one person
has same behaviour, yet achieves tasks better, not categorised the
same; shows subjectivity.
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