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NR 507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide / NR507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide(Up-to-date, ) : Advanced Pathophysiology:Chamberlain College of Nursing | Download to Score “A”|$10.49
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NR 507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide / NR507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide(Up-to-date, ) : Advanced Pathophysiology:Chamberlain College of Nursing | Download to Score “A”|
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Course
NR 507
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NR 507
NR 507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide / NR507 Week 7 Quiz Study Guide(Up-to-date, ) : Advanced Pathophysiology:Chamberlain College of Nursing | Download to Score “A”|
Impacted – fracture with one end wedged into opposite end of
inside fractured fragment. Caused bycompressive axil energy
or force directly to distal fragment
Segmented – fracture with two or more pieces or segments.
Cause: direct or indirect moderate to severe force.
Pathologic – transverse, oblique, or spiral fracture of bone
weakened by tumor pressure or presence. Cause: minor
energy or force, which may be direct or indirect.
Occult – fracture that is hidden or not readily discernible:
Cause: minor force or energy
Oblique – fracture at oblique angle across both cortices.
Cause: direct or indirect energy, with angulation and some
compression.
Spiral – fracture that curves around cortices and may become
displaced by twisting. Cause: direct or indirect twisting energy
or force with distal part held or unable to move.
Open – skin broken over fracture; possible soft tissue trauma.
Cause: moderate to severe energy that is continuous and
exceeds tissue tolerances.
, Transverse – horizontal break through the bone. Cause: direct
or indirect energy toward bone.
Greenstick –break in only one cortex of bone. Cause: minor
direct or indirect energy
Complete – integrity of the bone is broken into two pieces
Incomplete – bone is damaged but still in one piece
Comminuted – bone breaks into more than 2 fragments
Torus – cortex of the bone buckles but does not break, thus
making it a relatively stable fracture
Bowing – occur when longitudinal force is applied to the bone
Fragility – caused by low level trauma
Stress – caused by the cumulative effects of repeated forces
overtime.
Fatigue – caused by abnormal stress or torque applied to the
bone with normal ability to deform and recover.
Insufficiency – fragility fractures of osteoporosis and
Osteomalacia occur in bones lacking normal ability to deform
and recover
Transcondral – consists of fragmentation and separation of a
portion of the articular cartilage that covers the end of a bone
at a joint.
o Osteoporosis (types of fracture that is prevalent; screening
test for osteoporosis)
, Porous bone
Characterized by low bone mineral density, impaired
structural integrity of the bone, decreased bone strength, and
the risk of fracture.
Osteoporosis develops when the remodeling cycle – the
process of bone resorption and bone formation – is disrupted,
leading to an imbalance in the coupling process. Although
hormonal influences remain important in maintaining bone
health, genetic factors and the role of oxidative stress are
receiving increase attention as critical determinants of bone
homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are normal
byproducts of aerobic metabolism and although they can
cause cell damage, at levels below which they cause oxidative
stress (OS), ROSs serve as signaling molecules for many cell
types, including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.
Insufficiency fracture – fragility fractures of osteoporosis and
osteomalacia occur in the bones lacking normal ability to
deform and recover.
Screening test: Dual-photon absorptiometry (DXA) is the
current examination of choice for diagnosis.
Bone density is based on the number of standard
deviations that differ from the mean bone mineral
density of a young-adult reference population.
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