Summary CHEMISTRY Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences Digital Written Notes
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Course
Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences
Institution
Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences
Book
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry 3rd Edition plus CD
Content Coverage:
The digital written notes cover a wide range of chemistry topics as specified in the IGCSE Coordinated Sciences syllabus. These topics encompass fundamental principles of chemistry, chemical reactions, organic chemistry, acids and bases, the periodic table, and more. Each topic i...
2t
It halogen
cl Chlorine
(47) halide
curvideion 21-3+ 3-2-1-
Br, bromine bromide ion Br
7
> iodine
I
iodideion I
7
,MATTER
ATOM: all substancesare made out of these
ION:charged atoms thatcan be positive or negative
MOLECULE:formed when 2 or more atoms join together
ELEMENT:made of the same type of atom and cannot be broken
down into
any other substance.
COMPOUND:a substance thatis made up of 2 or more elements
CHANGING STATES
solid to liquid:melting liquid to solid:freezing
liquid to
gas evaporation gas:sublimation
solid to
gas to liquid:condensation gas solid:deposition
to
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES
the physical properties (shape, colour, mass, etc
physical change:change to
I
chemical change:When substance is transformed into 1 or more different
substances. They occur
through the process of chemical reactions.
chemical changes are irreversable, physical changes are.
SOLID IQVID
↓
GAS
layers
heat
particles are closetgt particles are close butparticles are far apart
arrangmentis strong no regular arrangmentarrangment is weak
forces are regular forces are irregular forces are random
, PURITY OF SUBSTANCES
PURE
substance:has no other substance mixed in it, and it
be
cannot separated.
substance:has other substances mixed
IMPURE in it, and can be
separated by filtration, distillation etc.
melting/boiling impure substances
curve for
↳
When a substance contains an impurity, its
melting pointfalls
and its rises. a nd over a range oftemp.
boiling
point melts
it boils
See a35
+
purification
solvent:a substance thatdissolves a solute
distance travelled by compound
Ifvalue: solute:a substance thatthe solvent dissolves
distance travelled by solvent
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