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CSET- Spanish Subtest 1| Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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CSET- Spanish Subtest 1| Questions with100% Correct Answers
Linguistic - -The scientific study of the language, how it is put together and
how it functions. It looks at the interplay of sound (phonetic) and meaning
(semantics and pragmatics).
-Phonetics - -The Study of human speech sounds
-Grammar - -Influenced by both sound and meaning (Morphology, syntax,
and phonology).
-Pragmatics - -The Study of the use of language in context... deals with how
listeners arrive at intended meaning of speaking.
-Phonology - -The Branch of linguistics which studies how sounds are
organized, and used in natural language.
Ex: time [t] & dime [d] Identical words, except beginning sounds.
-Allophone - -Phones which are phonetically similar but not the same and
which are treated as the same in linguistic communication; or the sound
which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from
another in meaning.
Ex: pat, spin, cup
These are sounds that are perceptibly different but do not distinguish words.
P^h - Pat (aspirated)
P- Spin (not aspirated)
P^o- Cup (your lips remain closed; /p/ is unreleased)
-Allophone - -Is a set of multiple spoken sounds (or phones) used to
pronounce a single phoneme. For example, [p^h] (as in pin) and [p] (as in
spin) are multiple spoken sounds for the phoneme /p/ in the English
language. Although a phoneme's variation of spoken sounds are all
alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific alternative sound
selected in a given situation is often predictable. Changing the alternative
sounds used by native speakers for a given phoneme in a specific context
usually will not change the meaning of a word but the results may sound
non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of a given language usually
perceive one phoneme in their language as a single distinctive sound in that
language and are "both unaware of and even shocked by "all the different
variations used to pronounce single phonemes.
-Morphology - -The study of the structure of the words and how words are
formed.
, -Morphemes - -Minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be
subdivided any further. There are two types.
-Bound Morphemes - -The smallest unit that has meaning but cannot stand
alone. (A morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme and
cannot stand alone.) Affix are often this type of morpheme. It also includes
prefixes (added to the beginning of another morpheme), suffices (added to
the end), infixes (inserted into other morphemes), and circumfixes (attached
to another morpheme at the beginning and end)
Ex: o, as, a, amos, an (the ending of any grammatical change in a verb.
-Free Morphemes - -The smallest unit that has meaning and can stand
alone. (or A morphene that does not need to be attached to another
morpheme and can stand alone)
1) open class/ lexical/content
-verb, noun, adjective, and adverb.
2) closed class/function/grammatical
Ex. el, las, los, nos,vos
- Conjuctions, prepositons, articles, and pronouns
-Derivational - -These are added to morphemes to form entirely new words
that may or may not be the same part of speech.
Ex.: Cloud, cloudy, happiness, greenish, establishment)
-Inflectional - -These are added to the end of an existing word for purely
grammatical reasons, there are 8 in English. They do not alter the syntactic
behavior of the word.
Ex. -ed past tense, -s plural, -ing progressive
-Root - -Morphemes ( and not affixes) that must be attached to another
morpheme and do not have a meaning of their own.
Ex. -ceive in perceive
-mit in submit
-Syntax - -The study of sentence structure (grammar). How words are
arranged to form sentences. Links sound patterns and meanings. Knowing
the structure of a language entails knowing the rules of sentence formation
in that language.
-Semantics - -The study of meaning and language. The analysis of the
meaning of words, phrases, sentences. The way in which sounds and
meanings are related. Studies the way in which language expressions have
meaning.
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