Lessons about the life of Philippine National Hero, Jose Rizal. It is composed of various pieces of information about the life, labor, and even love life of Rizal. It is a guide for the study and understanding of the life and contribution of Jose Rizal to Philippine nationhood and society. Moreover...
LESSON 5: EXAMINING RIZAL’S HISTORICAL AND
SOCIAL CONTEXT
In 19th Century:
1. The century of Rizal;
2. The age of the commercial and Industrial Revolutions.
• The 19th century was the century of Rizal.
• On a world- wide scale the 19th century was a period of the industrial revolution
which was fueled by a commercial revolution.
• Both revolutions existed together and are the cause and result of each other as
European Nations develop a desire for foreign goods, which cannot be produced
efficiently in Europe.
- These goods include; coffee, chocolate, sugar cane, cotton and tobacco.
• In the Philippines, when the islands were still a Spanish colony, it was affected in
the twin commercial and industrial revolutions that were affecting Europe.
- The nature of the economy of the islands began to change as the Philippines,
which used to be a mere entrepot or transshipment point for the Galleon Trade,
began to serve the world market by exporting its own product.
- Like: Sugar, tobacco, coffee, abaca fiber, etc.
-
IN THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION;
✓ Spain, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands conducted International Trade
through state monopolies.
✓ In Spain, it was the galleon trade and later the Real Compania de España.
✓ In the United Kingdom, it was the British East India Company which in Asia.
✓ Netherlands had the Dutch East India Company.
✓
IN THE PHILIPPINES;
✓ The Galleon Trade was abolished and the last galleon returned to the Philippines
without any cargo in 1817.
✓ Trade with Mexico and other countries was carried on by private ships.
✓ Even when galleon trade was existing, foreign traders were also doing business in
the Philippines in violation of royal decrees prohibiting trade with other European
countries including Spain’s enemies like United Kingdom.
✓ The Spanish government allowed foreigners to unload goods in Manila and stay in
the city for several months.
✓ The competition with foreigners led to the demise of another monopoly the Real
Compania de Filipinas which was abolished in the year 1834.
✓
THE INQUILINOS;
, Dark Side of Commercial Revolution;
✓ Demand for agricultural goods, more lands had to be opened for cultivation.
✓ Lands were titled to those who can read and write.
✓ Increasing gap between the rich and the poor.
✓ Poor tenants either had to bear the burden of the sharecropping system and the taxes
and levies of the government.
CHANGE IN POLITICAL THINKING
• The 19th century was also a century of political change.
• Absolute rule was giving way to governments with representation from the people.
o Divine Right Theory.
o Social- Contract Theory.
• Aside from the social contract between the sovereigns and the people, the latter
realized that they have basic and inalienable rights.
• Includes right to free speech, expression, the right to unhindered in thinking,
freedom of religion, assembly, equality before the law, freedom of abode, the right
to be secure in one’s home, freedom from illegal searches and detention, the right to
have his side heard in a court of law and to face his accuser the right against testifying
against oneself, the right to be represented in government and to be consulted on
matters of legislation and taxation. The right of happiness which desired universally
is embodied in the Constitution of the United States.
• The revolutionary ideas Maybe equal in terms of rights some rights will have to be
surrendered for the benefit of the majority.
• The revolutionary ideas led to the overthrow of absolute monarchs such as Louis
XVI in France who was later guillotined followed by Queen Marie Antoinette.
• The first French democracy following the overthrow of Louis XVI was a tumultuous
one which saw the executions of thousands who were depicted as enemies of the
people.
• France would slide back to absolute rule with the establishment of Napoleon’s
Empire in 1804 and the Restoration of Bourbon Rule in 1814.
•
POLITICAL CHANGE IN SPAIN
• Spain was very much affected by the upheavals from neighboring France.
• When Napoleon became ruler of France, Spain became part of the
• Continental System, which tried to starve out its enemy Great Britain through a trade
embargo.
• When the Spanish- French alliance faltered, Napoleon forced the King of Spain
Charles IV to abdicate the throne and replace him with crown prince Ferdinand VII.
When Ferdinand proved to be unsatisfactory with his demands, Napoleon had him
replaced with his own brother Joseph. The Spaniards refused to honor Joseph as their
king and pledged their loyalty to Ferdinand VII whom they called EL Deseado (The
Desired One).
CADIZ CONSTITUTION;
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller claisedomdom. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
