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PEDS Nursing Care of Children- exam #1
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PEDS Nursing Care of Children- exam#1
a large body surface area for weight leaves the baby susceptible to? - -
hypothermia
-anterior fontanel and open sutures are palpable up until... - -about 18
months
-posterior fontanel closes between? - -2 and 3 months
-the tongue is large in relation to... - -a small nasal a oral airway passage
-a short narrow trachea in children under 5 years old makes them
susceptible to? - -foreign body obstruction
-what makes the heart rate more rapid in late school aged children to
adolescence - -cardiac output is rate dependent not stroke volume
dependent
-abdomen offering poor protection for the liver and spleen causes a child to
be susceptible to? - -trauma
-until 12 to 18 months of age the kidneys... - -do not concentrate urine
effectively and do not exert optimal control over electrolyte secretion and
absorption
-Until later school age, proportion of body weight in water is... - -larger with
more water in extracellular spaces, daily water exchange rate is much higher
-what do muscles lack during infancy? - -tone, power and coordination
-muscles account for how much weight in infants vs adults - -25% of weight
in infants vs. 40% in adults
-until puberty the bones are - -softer and more easily bent and fractured
-primary breathing muscle - -the diaphragm
-what is not effectively expired when a child is under distress?
causing them to become susceptible to? - -CO2
causing them to be susceptible to metabolic acidosis
-child have a faster? - -respiratory rate
, -children have fewer/smaller and less? - -fewer and smaller alveoli and less
lung volume
-tidal volume is proportional to? - -weight
(7-10 mL/kg)
-until puberty the percentage of cartilage in ribs is? - -higher, making them
more flexible and compliant
-children/infants require a higher (3) - -metabolic rate, oxygen need, higher
caloric need
-the head is proportionately larger making the child susceptible to - -head
injury
-true or false: all brain cells are present at birth? - -true
-myelinization and further development of nerve fibers in the brain occur
when? - -during the first year
-RR and HR- newborn - -RR- 30-55
HR-100-170
-RR and HR- 1 years - -RR- 25-40
HR- 90-140
-RR and HR- 3 years - -RR- 20-30
HR- 80-120
-RR and HR- 6 years - -RR- 16-22
HR-70-120
-RR and HR- 10 years - -RR- 16-20
HR- 60-110
-RR and HR- 17 years - -RR- 12-20
HR- 60-100
-order to take vital signs in a child - -1. RR
2. HR
3. BP
4. Temperature
-RR and HR need to be counted for how long? - -60 seconds
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