Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
Summary
Summary Theories & Methods Crash Course
14 views 0 purchase
Course
Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
Institution
AQA
Theories & Methods simplified with theorists, key info, strengths & weaknesses to back up points
This document includes the following topics:
- Sociology as a science
- The marxist perspective
- The functionalist perspective
- The feminist perspective
- Objectivity & value free sociology
- S...
Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
All documents for this subject (273)
Seller
Follow
maahaansari
Content preview
THEORIES & METHODS
SOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE :
POPPER : FALSIFICATION
- Sociology can only be a science if theories can be tested & hypothesis’ can be proved
wrong
- Therefore sociology is not a science as it seeks to validate itself
- Marxism = unscientific bc it’s theories are untestable
KUHN : SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS
- Scientists share similar assumptions / paradigms on theories
- Sociology = not mature / mainstream science
- Is unscientific bc sociologists do not share the same assumptions about the world - they
are divided into schools of thoughts with no shared paradigms
MARXIST PERSPECTIVE :
MARX
- W/c = false class consciousness reinforced through the r/c values
- Base superstructure model, base = economy, superstructure = institutions
- Workers sell their profits to capitalists in turn for wages
- Competition in the ownership of the means of production = concentrated
- W/c revolution will occur & will lead to socialism - which will lead to communism
- Theories about class polarisation have not occurred - criticism on validity of marx’s
theory
ALTHUSSER
- ISA = ideological state apparatus - control w/c through institutions
- RSA = repressive state apparatus - control w/c through physical institutions
- Base-superstructure model = simplistic, no relative autonomy / only one way causality
- Created the structural determinism model = relative autonomy of each level & two way
causality
- The ideological level
- The political level
- The economic level
- IAN CRAIB ANALOGY : what happens in the lying quarters & office are partially
independent, but can affect the shop - cause it to be sold / split
GRAMSCI
- R/c control the w/c through : coercion & consent
- Coercion : physical force
- Consent : institutions
- Agrees with marx, revolution can occur - r/c = minority
- W/c can see through false class consciousness to a certain extent - they have dual
consciousness !
, - W/c revolution can take place - but there needs to be a counter hegemonic bloc in place
first
FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE :
DURKHEIM
- Social solidarity & social cohesion = achieved & maintained through socialisation
- Society is influenced by external social factors = help shape an individual
PARSONS : VALUE CONSENSUS
- Value consensus = glue that holds society together
- People are integrated into value consensus through socialisation
PARSONS : ORGANIC ANALOGY
- Parts of society mirror the organs within a biological organism
PARSONS : CHANGES WITHIN A SYSTEM
- Changes occur within the system
- Process of changes occur about the system
PARSONS : AGIL SCHEMA
- Adaptation = provides goods / services for ppl = instrumental role
- Goal attainment = goals are selected & resources are allocated to achieve them =
instrumental role
- Integration = parts of society must work together to ensure social cohesion = expressive
role
- Latency = processes within a social system maintain it = expressive role
MERTON’S INTERNAL CRITICISMS
FUNCTIONAL INDISPENSABILITY
- Parsons = things function are functionally indispensable - cannot be replaced
- Merton = there are functional alternatives
- Eg. other institutions are able to perform the same function as the family are
FUNCTIONAL UNITY
- Parsons = institutions within society = tightly linked & integrated to ensure society works
- Merton = some institutions within society are loosely linked, eg. sports & banks
UNIVERSAL FUNCTIONALISM
- Parsons = everything in society works properly
- Merton = what works for one, does not work for another. Not all institutions are
functional, some are dysfunctional
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller maahaansari. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.02. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
