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, BIOLOGY GCS
Specification Points
3.14 Understand that the genome is the entire DNA of an organism and that a gene is a section of a
molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein
3.15 Understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located
3.16B Describe a DNA molecule as two strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked
by a series of paired bases: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G)
3.17B Understand that an RNA molecule is single stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine
3.18B Describe the stages of protein synthesis including transcription and translation, including the role
of mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, codons and anticodons
3.19 Understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in
inherited characteristics
3.20 Understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,
phenotype, and genotype
3.21B Understand the meaning of the term codominance
3.22 Understand that most phenotypic features are the result of polygenic inheritance rather than
single genes
3.23 Describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
3.24 Understand how to interpret family pedigrees
3.25 Predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses
3.26 Understand how the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes
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