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Summary Antimicrobial Mechanisms
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Summary of different antimicrobials and how they work on bacteria
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Antimicrobial MechanismsILOs: the difference between gram positive and gram-negative, identify the targets, be able
to apply knowledge of chemistry to examples.
Areas that antimicrobials target:
DNA via DNA gyrase inhibitors or nitroimidazole
Protein synthesis via oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol and
erythromycin (think COMET)
Metabolism via DHFR inhibitors and sulfa drugs.
Bacterial DNA
Circular and large in length
1300um
Supercoiling=helix of a helix
Superhelix formed.
Usually negative supercoiling: compact and loosen the strands of DNA to make it
easier to replicate.
Positive supercoiling: less loose so protection from denaturing and extreme hot
conditions. Found in thermophilic bacteria.
DNA gyrase
Found in gram-negative bacteria.
Topoisomerase IV in gram-positive.
Achieves supercoiling.
It cuts a section of DNA, threads it through and reseals the break.
Uses ATP to drive it.
DNA gyrase inhibitors
First-generation quinolone:
nalidixic acid
gram -ve
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