Summary
Summary Reviewer-Philosophy
- Course
- Institution
Class notes and Reviewer for midterms and finals of philosophy
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
hazelbuenaventura
Content preview
PhilosophyREVIEWER
PHILOSOPHY • He proposed that everything that exists is
based on a higher order or plan which he
TOPIC OUTLINE called “Logos”
1 Doing Philosophy • Change is permanent aspect of the human
2 Truth and Opinion condition; “No man never steps in the
3 Methods of Philosophizing same river twice.”
4 Man as Embodied Spirit Democritus
5 The Human Person in their Environment → Branch: Metaphysics
Approach: Atomism
Doing Philosophy • Democritus study the causes of natural
phenomena
Philosophy • Was among the first to propose that
Philosophy → Comes from two Greek words: matter is composed of tiny particles
Philos (love) and Sophia (Wisdom). called atoms.
→ Greeks to refer to “Love of • Man is a microcosm of the universe.
Wisdom” Diogenes of Sinope
→ Branch: Ethics
Approach: Cynicism
Anthropological (Global) • He is a known advocate of living a simple
→ Reflects a worldview about man, society, and virtuous life
mores, nation, nationhood, etc. • One should not only talk of virtue but
Systematic (Methodological) should show it in words and actions
• His emphasis on austerity and simplicity
→ Ideas serve as parts trying to fit together in a
often went to the extreme and was said to
synthesis.In this context, Philosophy is an ongoing
have lived like a beggar
process “in which philosophies are ‘moments’,
• Happiness is a good flow of life.
which is to say dynamically interrelated parts
constituting a whole which is ever progressing. Epicurus
→ Branch: Ethics
Approach: Epicureanism
The Ancient World
• Philosophy could enable man to live a life
Pre-Socratic Philosophers (700 BCE – 25- CE)
of happiness
Thales of Miletus
• His views gave rise to ‘Epicureanism’ a
→ Branch: Metaphysics
school of philosophy which believes that
Approach: Monism
wisdom and simple living will result in a
• Thales of Miletus is considered to be the
life free of fear and pain.
first philosopher by Aristotle and the
Socrates
others.
→ Branch: Epistemology
• A Greek mathematician, astronomer and
Approach: Dialectical Method
pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in
• Considered the foremost philosopher of
Ionia, Asia Minor. He was one of the seven
ancient times
sages of Greece
• He did not claim to be “wise” and marely
• Believes that “EVERTHING IS MADE OF
considered himself a “midwife” that helped
WATER”
inquiring minds achieve wisdom
Pythagoras
• Believed that philosophy could enable a
→ Branch: Metaphysics
man to live a life of virtue
Approach: Pythagoreanism
• Truth is Absolute and Objective
• Thales of Miletus is a mathematician and
• “Argumentation to achieve substantive
scientist, credited with formulating the
concepts of truth and goodness
Pythagorean Theorem.
• He attempted to discover the foundation
• Established a community of learners
of goodlife by simple knowing and doing
devoted to the study of religion and
• Knowledge is a virtue
philosophy
• Soul/Psyche
• Believes that “Number is the ruler of forms
- “That is within us in virtue of which we
and Number is the ruler of ideas.”
are pronounce wise or foolish, good or
Heraclitus
bad.”
→ Branch: Metaphysics - Structure of personality
Approach: Monism - “make the sould good as possible
HASB 1
, Philosophy
REVIEWER
• Maieutic Method
- Intellectual midwifery
- Dialectic
• Elenchus
- A process thereby in abandoning the
misdirected opinion
• Formulated the Socratic Method – means
of examining a topic by devising a series
of questions that let the learner examine
and analyze his knowledge and views
regarding the topic
• “I know nothing except the fact of my
Ignorance”
•
• The life which is unexamined is not worth
living.
Plato
→ Branch: Epistemology
Approach: Rationalism
• A student of Socrates, he wrote down his
mentor’s teachings and incorporated
some of his own ideas
• His teachings and writings were
considered the foundation of Western
philosophy
• The theory of Knowledge
- The Allegory of the Cave
- The Metaphor of the Divided Line
• Education is a matter of conversion – a
complete turning around from the world of
appearance to the world of reality
• “What we call learning is only a process of
recollection” Aristotle
→ Branch: Epistemology
THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE Approach: Empiricism
Shadowing opinions and enlightening sun. • Aristotle attended the academy and
prominent student of Plato
• All ideas and views are based on
perception and our reality is based on
what we can sense and perceive
• Studied logic that led to the formulation of
a formal process of analyzing reasoning
which gave rise to ‘deductive reasoning’ -
the process of which specific statements
are analyzed to reach a conclusion or
generalization
HASB 2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hazelbuenaventura. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80202 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now