Test Bank Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology (5th Edition by Norris)
Table of Contents Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease ......................................................................................... 3 Chapter 02: Cell and Tissue Characteristics ................................
Test Bank Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology (5th Edition by Norris)
Table of Contents
Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease ......................................................................................... 3
Chapter 02: Cell and Tissue Characteristics ......................................................................................... 12
Chapter 03: Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death ................................................................................. 21
Chapter 04: Genetic Control of Cell Function andInheritance ............................................................... 29
Chapter 05: Genetic and Congenital Disorders ..................................................................................... 37
Chapter 06: Neoplasia ...................................................................................................................... 46
Chapter 07: Stress and Adaptation ..................................................................................................... 54
Chapter 08: Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance .................................................. 62
Chapter 09: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and WoundHealing ............................................................... 78
Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease .................................................................................... 94
Chapter 11: Innate and Adaptive Immunity ......................................................................................... 103
Chapter 12: Disorders of the Immune Response,Including HIV/AIDS ..................................................... 111
Chapter 13: Organization and Control of Neural Function ..................................................................... 128
Chapter 14: Somatosensory Function, Pain, Headache,and Temperature Regulation ................................ 137
Chapter 15: Disorders of Motor Function ........................................................................................... 146
Chapter 16: Disorders of Brain Function ............................................................................................ 155
Chapter 17: Sleep and Sleep-Wake Disorders ................................................................................... 164
Chapter 18: Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and Memory .................................................................... 173
Chapter 19: Disorders of Visual Function ........................................................................................... 182
Chapter 20: Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular Function ................................................................... 191
Chapter 21: Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System ...................................................................... 200
Chapter 22: Disorders of Hemostasis ............................................................................................... 208
Chapter 23: Disorders of Red Blood Cells ......................................................................................... 216
Chapter 24: Disorders of White Blood Cells andLymphoid Tissues ....................................................... 225
Chapter 25: Structure and Function of the CardiovascularSystem ....................................................... 234
Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood PressureRegulation ....................................................... 243
Chapter 27: Disorders of Cardiac Function, and HeartFailure and Circulatory Shock ................................. 260
Chapter 28: Disorders of Cardiac Conduction andRhythm .................................................................. 278
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the RespiratorySystem............................................................ 288
Chapter 30: Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms, and Childhood Disorders ........................................... 296
Chapter 31: Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange ...................................................................... 312
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Kidney ............................................................................... 320
Chapter 33: Disorders of Renal Function ........................................................................................... 328
Chapter 34: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic KidneyDisease .............................................................. 337
Chapter 35: Disorders of the Bladder and Lower UrinaryTract ............................................................. 346
Chapter 36: Structure and Function of theGastrointestinal System ......................................................... 355
Chapter 37: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function ............................................................................. 364
Chapter 38: Disorders of Hepatobiliary and ExocrinePancreas Function .............................................. 374
Chapter 39: Alterations in Nutritional Status ....................................................................................... 384
Chapter 40: Mechanisms of Endocrine Control ................................................................................... 393
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,Chapter 41: Disorders of Endocrine Control of Growthand Metabolism ....................................................... 401
Chapter 42: Structure and Function of the MaleGenitourinary System ................................................. 410
Chapter 43: Disorders of the Male Reproductive System..................................................................... 418
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the FemaleReproductive System .............................................. 427
Chapter 45: Disorders of the Female ReproductiveSystem ................................................................ 436
Chapter 46: Sexually Transmitted Infections ....................................................................................... 445
Chapter 47: Structure and Function of theMusculoskeletal System......................................................... 454
Chapter 48: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function:Trauma, Infection, Neoplasms ................................... 462
Chapter 49: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function:Developmental and Metabolism Disorders ................... 471
Chapter 50: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function:Rheumatic Disorders ............................................ 479
Chapter 51: Structure and Function of the Skin .................................................................................. 488
Chapter 52: Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function ........................................................................... 497
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,Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessionsfocused on the World
Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made by nurses during a
discussion session, which statements would beconsidered a good representation of the WHO definition?
Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as bookreviews and word
games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetesmellitus under tight blood
glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysissessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
Ans: A, B, C, E
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, andsocial well-being and not
merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being;
chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention of
disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the largevariety of factors that
influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report
from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects
discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American descent and
practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hypercholesterolemia
and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to manyhealth care
facilities.
Ans: B
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as usingalternative therapies
to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for all (which includes
having good health care benefits); and
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, promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good accessto health care). A client's
noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV
disease does not meet the “attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death” determinant.
3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, university hospital.
The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases that are caused by
abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the following patients most clearly
demonstrates the consequencesof molecules that cause disease?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion ofpacked red blood
cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting fromfamilial
hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygentherapy and chest
physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive.
Ans: D
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cell anemia,
familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examplesof the effects of abnormal molecules.
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis ofa number of clients
who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Ans: B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the increasing
ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuries are examples of
etiologic factors.
5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived to his first
cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pathogenesis of coronary artery
disease is addressed. Which statement by the
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