GISP Exam Prep Study Guide with Actual Questions and Answers Solved Correctly
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GISP - Geographic Information Systems Profession
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GISP - Geographic Information Systems Profession
GISP Exam Prep Study Guide with Actual Questions and Answers Solved Correctly
Certification
a process, often voluntary, by which individuals who have demonstrated a level of expertise in the profession are identified to the public and other stakeholders by a third party
What did URISA explore...
gisp exam prep 2023 2024 study guide with actual q
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GISP Exam Prep 2023-2024 Study Guide with Actual
Questions and Answers Solved Correctly
Certification
a process, often voluntary, by which individuals who have demonstrated a level of
expertise in the profession are identified to the public and other stakeholders by a third
party
What did URISA explore in 1999?
Formed a committee to explore GIS certification and this work lead to the creation to the
GIS Certification Institute
Surveyors
determine exact position of features and the angles and distances between them.
Surveyors may collect attributes as they collect locations such as x,y,z values, time, and
other attributes
Mappers
create visual representations of real world locations and use thematic mapping to show
locations and attributes
Photogrammetrists
Find positions of features and the angles and distances between them by measuring
from photographs and analyze data to determine landcover
CAD (Computer Aided Drafting)
Use AutoCad and Microstation to create detailed plans for structures and collect some
attributes
How is GIS different than CAD, Photogrammetrists, & Cartographers?
GIS introduces spatial and temporal analysis
What are the GISCI code of ethics?
Read definition online (www.gisci.org/ethics/codeofethics.aprx) likely a question about
conflict resolution
What are the 4 obligations of a GISCI professional?
Society, Employers and Funders, Colleagues and Profession, Individuals in Society
What does HIPPA stand for? What is it for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. HIPPA laws protect
individuals' medical records and other personal health information.
How would you comply with HIPPA laws if asked to map medical data?
Data anonymization, hex map, heat map, etc
What is does OGC stand for?
Open Geospatial Consortium
What does FGDC stand for?
Federal Geographic Data Committee
What does ISO stand for?
International Standards Organization.
What does the Federal Bureau of the Budget do in regards to mapping?
Publishes the National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS)
What does the OGC do? What does F.A.I.R. stand for?
,The Open Geospatial Consortium is an internal industry consortium of companies,
government agencies, and universities. OGC standards are developed by members to
make location information and services FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable,
Reuseable).
Give 4 Examples of File Based Standards from the OGC
KML/KMZ, GML, OGC and ISO Simple Features, Geopackage
Give 5 Examples of Web Based Standards from the OGC
Web Feature Service, Web Map Service, Web Coverage Service, Web Map Tile
Service, Web Processing Service
What is a .gpkg? What is it based on? Can it store both vector & raster data?
A geopackage. Universal file format for geodata based on SQLLite. Yes, it supports
both.
Who is in the FGDC? What does the FGDC do?
It's an organization of federal geospatial professionals chaired by the Department of the
Interior. Provides oversight and direction for geospatial decisions across the federal
government
What are some standards that the FGDC publishes?
Addressing, metadata and content standards, geographic information data quality, soil
code standards, classification of wetlands, National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy
Does the FGDC create metadata standards and the NMAS?
No, the Bureau of the Budget creates both metadata standards and the national map
accuracy standards (NMAS)
What is the required horizontal accuracy of 1) A map larger than 1:20,000 and B)
A map 1:20,000 or smaller?
1/30 (.033) and 1/50 (.02)
What percentage of points on a map have to match the horizontal accuracy to
pass the NMAS standard?
90% for both smaller or larger than 1:20,000
What is the vertical accuracy and percentage of points to pass a NMAS standard?
At least 1/2 the contour interval, 90% (again)
What is the minimum amount of points to check for each dataset, according to
the FGDC?
20 check points must be compared to a high accuracy data source
What is RMS Error? What is RMSE?
The average of the distances between the mapped location and the actual location.
Both are the same.
What is geometric accuracy?
How close a mapped location is to its real world counterpart
What is thematic accuracy?
Are the attributes associated with the location correct? (Is it a 4 lane street, or a 2 way
street? The data may be geometrically accurate but not thematically accurate and vice
versa)
What is precision? How is it different from accuracy?
Precision is about process and consistency. If you take 5 GPS locations using the same
device, do they all fall in the same area? A location can be precise but inaccurate.
What level of accuracy is needed for any given project?
,Accuracy and precision depend on the business needs of the client
What is a planar measurement?
A planar measurement is something measured in 2D space
Can an area measured in GIS be different than a legal area?
Yes. Legal areas commonly do not line up with GIS measurements.
What are 3 kinds of accuracy for Remotely Sensed Imagery?
1) Spatial Accuracy (is what is being returned in the right spot?); 2) Spectral Accuracy
(is what is being returned true?); 3) Classification Accuracy (user defined classification)
What is "fuzzy tolerance"?
The point at which 2 different points are considered the same.
What is the Precision of 123.123456?
9 (can store 9 total digits)
What is the scale of 123.123456?
6 (6 spaces after the decimal point)
Does a "-" (negative sign) count as a significant digit?
Yes.
How many significant digits can a float value hold?
7 significant digits
How many significant digits can a double value hold?
15 significant digits
What does SDTS stand for? Is it for data accuracy or map accuracy?
Spatial Data Transfer Standard. SDTS deals with the exchange of spatial data, not
maps and is for data accuracy, not map accuracy
According to the SDTS, should testing be performed against an independent
source of high accuracy, if available?
Yes...
What percentage of accuracy is necessary for rasters to pass the SDTS
standard?
95%
How many check points are necessary according to the SDTS?
20
What is ortho imagery?
Top down imagery, corrected to be exactly top-down view
What is oblique imagery?
Flown at an angle, shows sides of buildings and features
What is a spectral signature?
How light is reflected off of an object. Each pixel in a raster has a spectral signature and
can be used to categorize or classify the data (grey pixels are concrete, green pixels are
trees, etc.)
How would an image analyst check the accuracy of their classifications?
Determine a set of random areas, compare that to a photo or field verify them, create an
error matrix that compares the amount of correctly identified points to the number of
sample points collected (percentage of what was correct)
What is Kappa Coefficient? How is it different from Cohen's Kappa?
Kappa is 1.0 when agreement is perfect; it is 0.0 when agreement is no better than
would be expected by chance. AKA Cohen's kappa (they're the same)
, What does a Kappa coefficient of 1.0 mean? What about 0?
1 means the data is fully in agreement, 0 means the agreement is no better than
random chance. A coefficient of .4 or below usually means that there is no correlation
between data (presence of a septic tank and increased nitrogen in stream, for example)
What is meant by spectral accuracy in raster data?
Are the cell values the proper elevation or color
What is meant by temporal accuracy in raster data?
Are the cell values correct for conditions during the time period it was gathered?
What is meant by spatial accuracy in raster data?
Are the cell values in the right place? Does the cell size accurately represent the area
modeled?
What is meant by radiometric accuracy in raster data?
Are various features able to be picked out from each other? Greater bit depth = higher
resolution
What is the CSDGM?
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata. It is developed by the FGDC and
does not tell exactly how metadata should be stored but rather what should be in it
Is the CSDGM standard required by the FGDC? If not, what does it endorse?
Nope. It is still in use but the FGDC now endorses ISO standards and recommends ISO
for organizations just getting into GIS & metadata
What is the ISO 19115? What about ISO 19115 NAP?
ISO 19115 is a content standard that defines what information should exist in a
metadata document. ISO 19115 NAP is the "North American Profile" developed to
accommodate multiple languages (English & French)
What is the ISO 19139?
XML schema implementation of the ISO metadata standards
Do ISO standards include domains?
Yes
What fields are mandatory for ISO datasets?
Title, Date, Geographic Location, Language, Topic Category, Abstract, Metadata
CHAPTER 3: Mapping the Globe
CHAPTER 3: Mapping the Globe
What is a geoid?
a model of Earth using mean sea level as a base. Earth is not a perfect sphere.
What is a spheroid or ellipsoid?
Approximation of the shape of the Earth. It is based on a mathematical equation the
mimics Earth's shape
Should a map of a city/county use a spheroid/ellipsoid or a sphere?
Spheroid or Ellipsoid. Spheres work fine for small scale (1:5,000,000) maps but larger
scale maps need to use a spheroid.
How much wider is the Earth at the equator?
27 miles
What planet is an oblate ellipsoid?
The Earth! The Earth rotates around it's minor axis (equator)
What are datums based off of?
Spheroid/Ellipsoid
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