Chapter_01.bnk
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes community-based nursing?
a. A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families.
b. Providing care with a focus on the group's needs.
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs.
d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care.
ANS: a
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-specific practice in
which care is provided for "sick" individuals and families where they
live, work, and attend school. The emphasis is on acute and chronic care
and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care.
These nurses may be generalists or specialists in maternal–infant,
pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-based
nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families,
rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or systems.
PTS: 1
2.Which statement best describes the goal of community-oriented
nursing?
a. Providing care to individuals and families
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
ANS: d
By definition, community-oriented nursing has the goal of preserving,
protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the
quality of life. All nurses may focus on individuals and families, give
direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage
acute or chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to
community-oriented nursing.
PTS: 1
,3. Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
a. Families and groups
b. Illness-oriented care
c. Individuals within the family unit
d. Health care of communities and populations
ANS: d
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of
communities and populations rather than on individuals, groups, and
families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore,
and protect health for the community and the population within it.
Community-based nurses deal primarily with illness-oriented care of
individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute
and chronic health conditions in the community, and the focus of
practice is on individual or family-centered illness care.
PTS: 1
4.Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life
expectancy during the 20th century?
a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
ANS: c
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public
health policies and programs were primarily responsible for increasing
the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase
of approximately 60% in just over a century plus through improvements
in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer,
(4) improving food and drug safety, (5) immunizing children, and (6)
improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited
when a new drug is discovered that cures a disease or when a new way
to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the
,significant gains in the health of populations that have come largely
from public health accomplishments.
PTS: 1
5.A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature
deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would
most likely be implemented by the nurse?
a. Provide free health care to all citizens
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health
care benefits
c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to
Americans
ANS: b
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
(ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the number of people
with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While
the cost of health care and the burden it places on the American
government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of
ACA.
PTS: 1
6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it
relates to public health efforts?
a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and
funding.
c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the
community.
d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of
Americans.
ANS: c
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the
, individual cannot be entirely separate from the health of the larger
community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole,
and the effect of the community's health status (resources) on the health
of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and
disability and promote and protect the health of the community as a
whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does
to ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy. The basic
assumptions of public health do not judge the morality of health
disparities. The focus is on prevention of illness not on spending more
on illness care. Additionally, individual responsibility for making
healthy choices is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of
the government.
PTS: 1
7.Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a
public health nurse?
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to
determine needed health services
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the
environment
ANS: d
Although the public health nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed,
he or she works primarily with members of the community to carry out
core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a
whole and engaging in promoting health and improving the
environment. The interventions of asking community leaders which
interventions should be chosen, assessing the community and deciding
on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions
do not demonstrate the engagement of the community when making
decisions about what the community actually wants and needs.
PTS: 1
