Exam (elaborations)
NURS 2513 MATERNAL NEWBORN EXAM STUDY GUIDE GARDED A+ NEW UPDATE 2023
- Course
- Institution
NURS 2513 MATERNAL NEWBORN EXAM STUDY GUIDE GARDED A+ NEW UPDATE 2023
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Expertsolutions
Reviews received
Content preview
NURS 2513 MATERNAL NEWBORN EXAM STUDYGUIDE GARDED A+ NEW UPDATE 2023
Women’s health encompasses breast care, GYN exams, and assessments. Be comfortable with
the parameters of education for
a. Breast education-
b. Fluctuating hormone levels during the monthly cycle cause changes in breast tissue.
i. Following menstruation, when hormone levels are at their lowest, the breast tissue
is smooth and nontender.
ii. As estrogen levels increase mid-cycle, breasts may become more sensitive.
Also, just before menstruation, when progesterone is elevated, the breasts
become swollen and tender, with palpable nodules.
c. The area between the breasts has several oil and sweat glands, creating an atmosphere
conducive to the growth of bacteria.
d. Pregnancy darkens the color of the nipple, which is an enhancement for the breastfeeding
baby. This darker color does not disappear after pregnancy.
e. Mammography (mammogram) - is an MRI of the breast tissue used to detect
abnormalities (tumors and cysts).
i. Routine mammograms should be performed every 2 years for women ages 50-74
ii. Some gynecologists recommend mammograms begin a yearly mammogram
screening at age 40.
Self-breast exams-
iii. Should be performed every 1-3 years for age 20-29 and every year for women
over 40.
iv. Technique:
Breast Self-Examination (ACS, 2011d) pg lxix
1) Lie down on your back and place your right arm behind your head. Remember, this step is
done while lying down. In this position, the breast tissue spreads evenly over your chest wall
and is as thin as possible. This makes it much easier to feel all of the breast tissue.
2) Use the pads of your three middle fingers on the left hand to feel for lumps in the right breast.
Use overlapping dime-sized circular motions of the finger pads to feel all of the breast tissue.
3) When feeling the breast tissue, you will use three different levels of pressure. Light
pressure is needed to feel the tissue closest to the skin. Medium pressure allows you to feel
a little deeper, and firm pressure allows you to feel the tissue closest to your chest and ribs.
o
Remember, it is normal to feel a firm ridge in the lower curve of each breast. If you
feel anything else out of the ordinary, be sure to tell your health-care practitioner. It is
important to use each pressure level to feel all of the breast tissue before you move on
to the next spot.
, NURS 2513 MATERNAL NEWBORN EXAM STUDY
GUIDE GARDED A+ NEW UPDATE 2023
4) Move around the breast in an up and down pattern, starting at an imaginary line drawn
straight down your side from the underarm and moving across the breast to the middle of
the chest bone (sternum, breastbone).
o
Make sure that you check the entire breast area going down until you feel only your
ribs and then up to the neck or collarbone (clavicle). Using the up and down, or
vertical, pattern is probably the most effective way to examine the entire breast
without missing any breast tissue.
5) Repeat step 4 on your left breast, putting your left arm behind your head and using the finger
pads of your right hand to do the exam.
6) Stand before a mirror, place your hands on your hips, and press down firmly. In the
mirror, look at your breasts for any changes of size, shape, contour, or dimpling or redness
or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin. (Pressing down on your hips contracts the muscles
of the chest wall and enhances any breast changes).
7) Sit or stand with your arm only slightly raised so that you can easily feel the underarm area.
Do this on each side, feeling for lumps or thickened areas. (Raising the arm straight up
causes a tightening of the tissue and makes it more difficult to examine).
Normal menstrual cycle –
v. Occurs approximately every 28 days (calculated from the first day of last
period to the first day of the next), lasts for 2-7 days
vi. Bleeding can be light to heavy, or variate between the two depending on stage
of menstruation.
What is the most common complaint with the menstrual cycle, and complications?
vii.Dysmenorrhea-painful menstruation
1. Production of prostaglandins
2. Tx: NSAIDS—prohibit prostaglandins
viii.PMS-fluctuation of estrogen/progesterone, hyperprolactinemiaincreased
prolactin secondary to breast development.
1. Tx: exercise, rest, sleep, diet-decrease salt, sugar, caffeine
ix. Endometriosis-growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
1. During the ischemic menstrual cycle the misplaced tissue breaks down/
bleeds into surrounding tissue—inflammation—gets trapped causes cysts.
2. Cycles of this result in scarring, fibrosis, and adhesions—binding
organs together—increased abdominal pain, and infertility
,NURS 2513 MATERNAL NEWBORN EXAM STUDY
GUIDE GARDED A+ NEW UPDATE 2023
a. S/S: bleeding, pain
, NURS 2513 MATERNAL NEWBORN EXAM STUDY
GUIDE GARDED A+ NEW UPDATE 2023
b. Dx: palpation, vaginal ultrasound, laparoscopy
c. Tx: pain meds, hormone therapy-shrinks endo tissue, surgery,
oral contraception
Colorectal screenings, colonoscopy, fecal occult tests are all also important
for women.
STI’s and risks
f. What is HPV?
i. Human papilloma virus (HPV) in an STI which can cause cellular changes of the
cervix- leading to cervical cancer.
ii. HPV can also lead to the development of papillomas- benign growths of
the genital and anal regions.
iii. Vaccine = Gardasil
1. Protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. Newly approved vaccine
(Gardasil 9) covers HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18, as well as 31, 33, 45, 52,
and 58- which are responsible for 1 in 5 cases of HPV-associated
cervical cancer.
2. Consists of 3 IM injections given over 6 months at 1, 2, and 6 months
3. Can be given to females age 9-26 years old, boys can also receive the
vaccine from age 9-15.
4. Nurses- teach the patient to be sure to return on time for each vaccine
series, and continue to have routine cervical cancer screenings.
Contraception - Forms of birth control – good subject for your postpartum patients as well –
know them
g. Natural family planning-
h. Coitus interruptus- “pull out method”
i. Abstinence
j. Breast feeding—maintains progesterone levels, keep from ovulating
k. Diaphragm- dome shaped, spermicide gel is placed inside the dome—inserted into
vagina 6 hrs before intercourse and left in for 6 hrs after.
l. Cervical cap- thimble shaped, spermicidal gel placed inside. Placed against cervix
m. Condoms
n. Spermicidal gels
o. Hormonal methods
i. Ethinyl estradiol (estrogen)-prevents the release of FSH from the anterior
pituitary gland. When FSH levels are low the ovarian follicle doesn’t form and
ovulation is prevented.
ii. Progestins-inhibit LH surge-required for ovulation (used with estrogen)
1. Progesterone only-thickens cervical mucus which creates a hostile
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Expertsolutions. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $21.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79751 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now