Test Bank Darby & Walsh Dental Hygiene Theory and Practice, 4th Edition
Table of Contents
Chapter 01: The Dental Hygiene Profession ........................................................................................ 3
Chapter 02: Human Needs Theory and Dental Hygiene Care............................................................ 12
Chapter 03: Evidence-Based Decision Making .................................................................................. 21
Chapter 04: Health and Health Promotion .......................................................................................... 28
Chapter 05: Changing Behaviors ....................................................................................................... 37
Chapter 06: Cultural Competence ...................................................................................................... 44
Chapter 08: The Dental Hygiene Care Environment ........................................................................... 49
Chapter 10: Medical Emergencies ..................................................................................................... 55
Chapter 11: Ergonomics .................................................................................................................... 63
Chapter 12: The Health History .......................................................................................................... 66
Chapter 13: Vital Signs ...................................................................................................................... 73
Chapter 14: Pharmacologic History.................................................................................................... 79
Chapter 15: Extraoral and Intraoral Clinical Assessment .................................................................... 89
Chapter 16: Dentition Assessment ..................................................................................................... 95
Chapter 17: Oral Hygiene Assessment: Soft and Hard Deposits ..................................................... 103
Chapter 18: Dental Caries Management by Risk Assessment ......................................................... 108
Chapter 19: Periodontal and Risk Assessment................................................................................. 112
Chapter 20: Potential Impact of Periodontal Infections on Overall General Health ........................... 120
Chapter 21: Dental Hygiene Diagnosis ............................................................................................ 130
Chapter 22: Dental Hygiene Care Plan, Evaluation, and Documentation.......................................... 139
Chapter 23: Toothbrushing............................................................................................................... 149
Chapter 24: Mechanical Oral Biofilm Control: Interdental and Supplemental Self-CareDevices ........ 155
Chapter 25: Dentifrices .................................................................................................................... 167
Chapter 26: Hand-Activated Instrumentation.................................................................................... 173
Chapter 27: Ultrasonic Instrumentation ............................................................................................ 182
Chapter 28: Root Morphology and Instrumentation Implications ...................................................... 188
Chapter 29: Stain Management and Tooth Whitening ...................................................................... 195
Chapter 30: Decision Making Related to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ...................................... 202
Chapter 31: Chemotherapy for the Control of Periodontal Disease .................................................. 214
Chapter 32: Acute Gingival and Periodontal Conditions, Lesions of Endodontic Origin,and Avulsed
Teeth ............................................................................................................................................... 220
Chapter 33: Fluorides, Chlorhexidine, Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Xylitol ......................... 222
Chapter 34: Pit and Fissure Sealants ............................................................................................... 229
Chapter 35: Nutritional Counseling .................................................................................................. 232
Chapter 36: Tobacco Cessation ....................................................................................................... 239
Chapter 37: Impressions, Study Casts, and Oral Appliances ........................................................... 247
Chapter 38: Restorative Therapy ..................................................................................................... 252
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,Chapter 39: Dentinal Hypersensitivity Management ......................................................................... 260
Chapter 40: Local Anesthesia .......................................................................................................... 267
Chapter 41: Nitrous Oxide–Oxygen Analgesia ................................................................................. 274
Chapter 42: Persons with Disabilities ............................................................................................... 280
Chapter 43: Cardiovascular Disease ................................................................................................ 288
Chapter 44: Diabetes Mellitus .......................................................................................................... 297
Chapter 45: Oral Care of Persons with Cancer ................................................................................ 305
Chapter 46: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ..................................................................... 313
Chapter 47: Persons with Neurologic and Sensory Deficits .............................................................. 322
Chapter 48: Persons with Autoimmune Diseases ............................................................................. 329
Chapter 49: Renal Disease and Organ Transplantation.................................................................... 338
Chapter 50: Respiratory Diseases ................................................................................................... 346
Chapter 51: Cognitively and Developmentally Challenged Persons ................................................. 353
Chapter 52: Alcohol and Substance Abuse Problems ...................................................................... 360
Chapter 53: Eating Disorders ........................................................................................................... 365
Chapter 54: Women’s Health and the Health of Their Children ........................................................ 372
Chapter 55: The Older Adult............................................................................................................. 381
Chapter 56: Persons with Fixed and Removable Dental Prostheses ............................................... 389
Chapter 57: Orofacial Clefts and Fractured Jaw ............................................................................... 396
Chapter 58: Osseointegrated Dental Implants.................................................................................. 402
Chapter 59: Persons with Orthodontic Appliances............................................................................ 409
Chapter 60: Abuse and Neglect ....................................................................................................... 418
Chapter 61: Palliative Oral Care....................................................................................................... 426
Chapter 62: Practice Management................................................................................................... 433
Chapter 63: Career Planning and Job Searching ............................................................................. 441
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,Chapter 01: The Dental Hygiene Profession
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the discipline of dental hygiene?
a. The study of teeth and their supporting structures
b. Brushing and flossing one’s teeth and rinsing with an antimicrobial mouth rinse
twice a day, morning and night
c. The study of preventive oral healthcare, including the management of behavior
toprevent oral disease and promote health
d. The study of those procedures that dental hygienists provide to clients
ANS: C
The study of teeth and their supporting structures. This answer is wrong because the
disciplineof dental hygiene covers much more information than the study of teeth and
supporting structures. Dental hygiene focuses on the preventive measures that the teeth and
supporting structures must receive, in addition to other oral healthcare steps that must be
taken to promote one’s health.
Brushing and flossing one’s teeth and rinsing with an antimicrobial mouth rinse twice a day,
morning and night. This answer is wrong because this statement describes only one procedure
within the discipline of dental hygiene. Dental hygiene is a much larger and general field of
study than this simple preventive action.
The study of preventive oral healthcare including the management of behavior to prevent
oraldisease and promote health. This answer is correct because this is the direct definition
of dental hygiene. The definition can be broken down into smaller, specified divisions to
furtherdevelop the discipline of dental hygiene.
The study of those procedures that dental hygienists provide to clients. This answer is wrong
because dental hygienists play many interrelated roles, such as clinician, educator,
administrator or manager, advocate, and researcher. Although each of these roles is created
toassist in dental hygiene, the discipline is not centered on the actions and procedures of the
dental hygienist.
REF: What is Dental Hygiene? | 1
2. Who is the professional dental hygienist?
a. A licensed preventive oral health professional who has graduated from a
Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited, entry level dental hygiene
program
b. A licensed person who has learned on the job via a preceptorship program, such
asthe Alabama Dental Hygienists Program
c. A dentist who has graduated from a Commission on Dental
Accreditation,accredited, dental school program
d. A person who has graduated from a Commission on Dental
Accreditation,accredited, dental assisting program
ANS: A
A licensed preventive oral health professional who has graduated from a Commission on
Dental Accreditation, accredited, entry level dental hygiene program. This answer is correct
because to be eligible as a professional dental hygienist, the person must have graduated
froman accredited dental hygiene program.
A licensed person who has learned on the job via a preceptorship program, such as the
Alabama Dental Hygienists Program. This answer is wrong because a dental hygienist
cannotlearn on the job to become a professional. Rather, they must pass written
examinations and graduate from an accredited dental hygiene program.
A dentist who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited,
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, dentalschool program. This answer is wrong because a dentist has a higher degree than a
dental hygienist and therefore, generally, works above a dental hygienist. It is not
necessary for a dental hygienist to receive an education from a dental school.
A person who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited,
dentalassisting program. This answer is wrong because a person graduating from an
accredited dental assisting program would only be licensed as a dental assistant.
REF: Who Is the Dental Hygienist? | 1
3. All of these services are provided by the majority of dental hygienists in the clinical setting
except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Perform periodontal maintenance care.
b. Implement interventions to direct a person back to oral wellness.
c. Provide fluoride varnish treatment.
d. Place and remove restorations.
ANS: D
Perform periodontal maintenance care. This is a service provided in the clinical setting. The
clinical setting allows for application of preventive and therapeutic agents related to
periodontal disease. For example: subgingival sustained-release delivery systems containing
chlorhexidine.
Implement interventions to direct a person back to oral wellness. This is a service provided
inthe clinical setting. The main goal of a dental hygienist is to prevent oral disease and
promotehealth. Therefore, if the state of an individual’s oral health changes, the dental
hygienist (within the scope of the clinical setting) can provide some degree of intervention to
direct theindividual back to oral wellness.
Provide fluoride varnish treatment. This is a service provided in the clinical setting. The
clinical setting allows for application of preventive and therapeutic agents related to dental
caries. Fluoride varnish treatments prolong fluoride exposure on the tooth surface for safe
andeffective caries control.
Place and remove restorations. This service is not provided by the majority of dental
hygienists in the clinical setting. Only a few dental hygienists have the certification to place
restorations, while many others do not. Also, the removal of restorations is not a given
actionof a dental hygienist in the clinical setting.
REF: Clinician | 3
4. Which of the following is a key behavior within the dental hygiene process of care?
a. Observation
b. Diagnosis
c. Communication skills
d. Client care
ANS: B
Observation. This answer is wrong because dental hygienists must go further than simply
observing the client. The hygienist must assess the client by thoroughly collecting data.
Diagnosis. This answer is correct because identifying the diagnosis is the focal point for
establishing goals in the dental hygiene care plan. The client’s dental hygiene needs are
determined so that specific interventions can be implemented.
Communication skills. This answer is wrong because the communication skills are not a key
behavior and are not necessary to complete the dental hygiene process.
Client care. This answer is wrong because client care is not one of the steps in dental
hygienecare. However, proper client care is the goal being achieved through the key
behaviors.
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