100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary Acyl Chloride and Acid Anhydride $4.38   Add to cart

Summary

Summary Acyl Chloride and Acid Anhydride

 7 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

ALevel Chemistry - Acyl Chloride and Acid Anhydride Notes

Preview 2 out of 7  pages

  • July 31, 2023
  • 7
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Acyl Chloride and Acid Anhydride's
Acyl chlorides have the functional group COCl with the general formulae: CnH2n-1OCl.
The name ends with -oyl chloride. They are much more reactive than carboxylic acids and can
react with a range of molecules where Cl is substituted for an oxygen/ nitrogen group and HCl
fumes are given off.
They are produced in a reaction between carboxylic acids + phosphorus (v) chloride --->
phosphorus trichloride + acetyl chloride + hydrochloric acid.
The reactions are nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions.
A lone pair of electrons from ethanol is donated to the + carbon of the ethanoyl chloride. This is
an addition reaction. In the second step of the reaction of HCl molecule is formed by breaking
the O-H bond and formation of a C=O bond. This is an elimination reaction.
Reaction with water



A vigorous reaction, steamy fumes of HCl. Hydrogen chloride can be removed as a gas so a
pure ester is formed.
Reaction with alcohols




Slower and less vigorous so it needs to be warmed.
Reaction with ammonia


Reaction with primary amines

, Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions have two steps:
1. Nucleophile adds onto the acetyl chloride displacing the Cl- ion.
2. The hydrogen leaves to create an acetyl chloride derivative.




The shorter/smaller chain is next to the N when naming the secondary amide. (N-methyl
ethanamide).
Acylation - replacing a H with an acetyl group (COCH3).
Made from two identical carboxylic acid molecules joined via an oxygen with carbonyl groups
on either side.
The reactions are very similar to acetyl chlorides but are less vigorous and produce a carboxylic
acid instead of HCl.
To name a carboxylic acid the acid part of the name is removed and replaced with
anhydride - ethanoic acid --> ethanoic anhydride.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ramiriam. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $4.38. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$4.38
  • (0)
  Add to cart