NUR 113 FINAL Exams Practice Questions with Accurate Answers. Metabolic alkalosis Correct Answer pH higher than 7.45
HCO3 higher than 26 - prolonged V/D
- NG suction
- Thiazide Diuretics - Laxative overuse - Cushing syndrome
- Hyperaldosteronism
Metabolic acidosis Correct Answer decrease in pH
HCO3 lower than 22 - DKA
- Starvation
- Lactic acidosis (heavy exercise) - excessive alcohol use - liver failure - kidney failure
respiratory alkalosis Correct Answer high pH
CO2 lower than 35
"hyperventilation"
- first stage of asthma - pneumonia
- anxiety/fear
- head trauma - high altitudes - shock
respiratory acidosis Correct Answer low pH CO2 higher than 45
"hypoventilation"
- opioids/depressants
- Guillan Barre syndrome - stroke - COPD
- pneumothorax
ADH Correct Answer antidiuretic hormone
- released in posterior pituitary gland
- regulates H2O secretion from the kidney - results in increased water retention - UOP decreases - diluting body fluids (hyponatremia, hypokalemia) 1-5 or (0.9-4.6)
Aldosterone Correct Answer - increases intravascular fluid (increases blood pressure)
- Kidney retain sodium and water, excretes potassium
Asthma Correct Answer will have shortened INSPIRATORY phases, a sign of decreased wheezing is not good. Overreaction to stimulus, causing bronchospasm & intermittent airway obstruction
•Common stimuli: allergens, irritants, microorganisms, ASA, NSAIDs, exercise, GERD
•Classified according to symptom control•Cues: wheezing, tachypnea, cough, accessory muscle use, prolonged exhalation, hypoxia, chest tightness, dyspnea
•PFT most accurate for measuring airflow, specifically FVC, FEV1, & PEF
Asthma nursing considerations and education Correct Answer Avoid triggers
•If exercise-induced: use bronchodilator inhaler 30 minutes prior to exercise
•Proper use of medications
•Proper technique & sequence of inhaler use
•Monitor peak expiratory flow rates at least twice daily
•Symptoms requiring emergency treatment
•Always carry rescue inhaler
status asthmaticus Correct Answer Severe, life-threatening acute airway obstruction
•Continues to intensify
•Does not respond to usual treatment
•Extreme dyspnea, wheezing, accessory muscle use
•Pneumothorax and cardiac or respiratory arrest if not reversed
•IV fluids, systemic bronchodilators (epinephrine), steroids, oxygen, magnesium sulfate
•Prepare for intubation
•SUDDEN ABSENCE OF WHEEZING indicates complete airway obstruction!
COPD Correct Answer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- emphysema - bronchiolitis
Emphysema Correct Answer Loss of alveolar elasticity with hyperinflation
S/S: dyspnea, tachypnea, air trapping, flattened diaphragm, accessory muscle use, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, orthopnea, clubbing, increased AP diameter
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