Electrical Engineering: Principles & Applications, Global Edition
This is a summery of electrical circuits, in the context of engineering. It covers first year work and includes:
-voltage, current, resistance
-power
-ideal sources (independent and dependent)
-Ohm, Kirchhoff current and voltage law
-resistance, current, voltage in parallel and in series
-d...
Organized summary and examples of ‘Steady-State sinusoidal Analysis’
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Written for
Stellenbosch University (SUN)
Electro Techniques 143
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BASICS
voltage t resistance
energy perunitcharge rate of flow ofcharge material that resist
flow of charge
sign convention
voltage drop the enter positive polarity
voltage nse ve enter negative polarity
POWER P V2 R
d absorbed
power re power ve
p v i p ie r power of voltmetersampmeters power of resistors
independent
IDEAL SOURCES not rely onother
sources I v f i
voltage
maintain voltageacross
terminals despite current dependent
current rely on other sources
maintaincurrentacross requireconstrainteqn I v n i
terminals despitevoltage P
is fly 115
KIRCHHOFF CURRENT KIRCHHOFF VOLTAG
OHM LAW LAW LAW
sum of all currents at any sum of all voltages at an
v iR node is equal to 0 closedpathisequal to o
voltage rise rember passive gig rember passive sig
convention
voltage drop convention
,CASE ONE CASE TWO
resistor in series he resisters in parallel
a
Reg Rit rat É y
Rs
peg rt at g t.br
3143133
CASE THREE case FOR
current voltage
in series onparallel o in senes in parallel
constant different different constant
in Reg ienteringil ve feta vacrosssenes
Req Rt the Reg Rit Rz Rs
i currentthrough R V voltage acrossR
smaller R greater i greater R greater
CASE FIVE CASE SIX
Wheatstone bridge delta to wye
measure resistors or a range
FMR r3t Roc Rs
tu
is13h3 Big
in Rx
iz Rz
D Y
to
I D
,NOPE VOLTAGE METHOD
more than 2 elements
1identify essentialnodes attached
2 identify reference node
assign it a voltage o
3 sum all currents in voltage and voltages
resistor form
using simultaneous
ie whole current
tmEiaieiijaneacneans wwentpawafPlY
CASE ONE CASE TWO
uh t resistor between
I two ness
f
voltmeter directly
c
between a ness node
and niet I Vi Vi v2
voltage of ness is
that voltmeter node
reading V2 tui
R
CASETHREE CASE 4
me I supernode
I Ivi t I V2
I
i
when there a independent dependent
resistor between ness voltage voltmeter between 2 ness
and other voltage
treat as one node Korean and sum
vi Ctv tri CV all currents going in B out of both
n nodes
create a consort ean
include dependent constr
ears tvi Va V
solve simultaneously
, MESHCURRENTMETHOD substitute always
always before resister
1
identify mesh's
2 include current directions in mesh G D
3 create KUL ears for each mesh
2 solve simultaneously
CASE CNE CASE TWO
EEE ti Ji n i
shared resistor between 2 currents
ampmeter in mesh unattached to any other
assign t signs on bom mesh
meshes but opposite sides over i assigned i
R recon direction
mesh mesh ftpge
Rcti id pg
CASE THREE
sharing a ampmeter between 2 meshes
g g g treat as one singular mesh
i
include a constr
eqn iz i
k
bc i go in opposite
direction to i ve
include dependent constr ears
solve simultaneously
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