Summary on Abnormal Psychology Chapter 4 by Hooley, Butcher, Nock & Mineka
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Course
Psychology
Institution
Psychology
Book
Abnormal Psychology, Global Edition
The process of acquiring information regarding a person's mental health condition is known as a clinical assessment. This data is used to diagnose mental problems, create treatment programs, and track progress. The assessment process typically includes a medical examination, neurological tests, neu...
Abnormal Psychology 17th Edition by Jill M. Hooley – Test Bank with questions and verified answers
Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK FOR ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY GLOBAL 17TH ED BY JILL HOOLEY, JAMES BUTCHER, MATTHEW NOCK, SUSAN MINEKA
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CHAPTER 4
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
The Basic Elements in Assessment
Relationship Between Assessment and Diagnosis
knowledge of a person’s type of disorder can help in planning edge of a person’s type of disorder
a formal diagnosis is necessary before insurance claims can be filed to cover a client’s treatment
costs.
Taking a Social or Behavioral History
an adequate assessment includes much more than the diagnostic label.
Excesses, deficits, and appropriateness are key dimensions to be noted if the clinician is to
understand the particular disorder that has brought the individual to the clinic or hospital
Personality Factors
o Assessment should include a description of any relevant long-term personality
characteristics.
Social Context
o It is also important to assess the social context in which the individual functions.
“dynamic formulation”
o diverse and often conflicting bits of information about the individual’s personality traits,
behavior patterns, environmental demands, and so on, must then be integrated into a
consistent and meaningful picture
decisions about treatment are made collaboratively with the consent and approval of the
individual.
assessment may involve the coordinated use of physical, psychological, and environmental
assessment procedures due to a wide range of factors can play important roles in causing and
maintaining maladaptive behavior
Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Procedures
It is critical for the psychologist to be informed of the issues involved in multicultural assessment
(often referred to as cultural competence) and to use testing procedures that have been adapted
and validated for culturally diverse clients
, Importance of ensuring that the characteristics of the test being employed are appropriate across
cultures and that potential biasing factors do not interfere with critical thinking in the overall
assessment process
need to be aware of the available research on the instrument’s use with the target population
need to be concerned with the impact and fairness of the instruments they employ with clients
from diverse groups
Influence of Professional Orientation
Such trends are instead a matter of emphasis and point to the fact that certain types of
assessments are more conducive than others to uncovering particular causal factors or for
eliciting information about symptomatic behavior central to understanding and treating a
disorder within a given conceptual framework.
Reliability, Validity, and Standardization
Reliability is a term describing the degree to which an assessment measure produces the same
result each time it is used to evaluate the same thing.
o index of the extent to which a measurement instrument can agree that a person’s
behavior fits a given diagnostic class.
Validity is the extent to which a measuring instrument actually measures what it is supposed to
measure.
o the degree to which a measure accurately conveys to us something clinically important
about the person whose behavior fits the category such as helping to predict the future
course of the disorder.
Normally, the validity of a mental health measure or classification presupposes reliability.
o if we can’t confidently pin down what the diagnosis is, then whatever useful information
a given diagnosis might convey about the person being evaluated is lost.
good reliability does not in itself guarantee validity
reliable assignment of a person’s behavior to a given class of mental disorder will prove useful
only to the extent that the validity of that class has been established through research.
Standardization is a process by which a psychological test is administered, scored, and interpreted
in a consistent or “standard” manner.
, more fair than nonstandardized tests in that they are applied consistently and in the same
manner to all persons taking them.
Trust and Rapport Between the Clinicians and the Client
client must feel that the testing will help the practitioner gain a clear understanding of her or
his problems and must understand how the tests will be used and how the psychologist will
incorporate them into the clinical evaluation.
An important aspect of confidentiality is that the test results are released to a third party only if
the client signs an appropriate release form.
when patients are given appropriate feedback on test results, they tend to improve—just from
gaining a perspective on their problems as a result of the testing
Clinical assessment is one of the most important and complex responsibilities of mental health
professionals. The extent to which a person’s problems are understood and appropriately
treated depends largely on the adequacy of the psychological assessment.
The goals of psychological assessment include identifying and describing the individual’s
symptoms; determining the chronicity and severity of the problems; evaluating the potential
causal factors in the person’s background; and exploring the individual’s personal resources that
might be an asset in his or her treatment program
Factors involved in the assessment of physical environment
a medical evaluation is necessary to rule out the possibility that physical abnormalities may be
causing or contributing to the problem.
The medical evaluation may include both a general physical examination and special
examinations aimed at assessing the structural (anatomical) and functional (physiological)
integrity of the brain as a behaviorally significant physical system (Swartz, 2014).
General Physical Examination
In cases in which physical symptoms are part of the presenting clinical picture, a referral for a
medical evaluation is recommended.
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