nur 336 peds exam 1 modules 1 amp 2 arizona college
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Peds EXAM 1 Modules 1 & 2 Professor Flynn
This study guide is from the Canvas Shell.
Most of the information was copied and pasted from the textbook or from the provided PowerPoints.
The items with a → are additions I typed in from our in-class lecture
“BIG TICKET” ITEMS FOR MOD 1 EXAM 1
Issues and trends in pediatric nursing
Types of families
Standards of practice and ethical considerations
Cultural, spiritual, and environmental influences on the child
End of life care
Phenylketonuria
Galactosemia
Hyperbilirubinemia
Precocious puberty
ATI Testing. (2021). Nursing Care of Children 11th edition: ch-1 and 11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjRrAod36HU
(Links to an external site.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Zela3ViUj8
(Links to an external site.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QImi3IKAgbI
(Links to an external site.)
★ Module 1 What is Pediatric Nursing
Module 1 PP Slide 5
The very first thing to understand about pediatric nursing is that the nursing care you will provide to a child is very
different from the type of care you would give to an adult. Children are not just small adults.
, That means that as the nurse, you not only need to provide excellent evidence-based nursing care, but you also need to
nurture the patient so that they may trust you.
As a peds nurse, you will need to take on many different roles, depending on the patient and their needs.
1. We become their friends who play with them;
2. we become their confidants – someone they can confide in and trust to do what is best for them; and
3. sometimes we even take on a caregiver or a parent role if someone isn’t by their bedside.
***The role that we play is dictated by the patient's situation and what the patient needs at that time. It may change
hour to hour during your shift that day, or it could remain the same during their entire hospitalization.
Another big difference between caring for children versus adults is that pediatric nurses must be aware of developmental
milestones so that they can assess if their patients are meeting them or are falling behind.
These milestones can include both physical and cognitive maturation.
➔ Physical maturation includes
◆ mastery of gross & fine motor skills,
◆ height, weight, head circumference,
◆ maturation of body systems, puberty, and required immunizations.
➔ Cognitive maturation includes
◆ language development,
◆ Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development,
◆ Piaget’s stages of cognitive development,
◆ Freud’s psychosexual stages of development,
◆ Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, and
◆ the presence of learning or developmental disabilities.
■ Models of care in Pediatric Nursing
● Family-centered care,
● relationship-based care, and
● pediatric medical home
In all models, the importance of the family to the child is emphasized.
Module 1 PP Slide 5
Imagine a time when you or a family member were a patient. You may have experienced a lot of thoughts and emotions
during this time. Maybe you were uncertain, anxious, maybe even scared. Now imagine you’re five years old.
More often than not, our pediatric patients do not know what is happening; they only know that they do not feel well and
are very scared and frightened of everything happening around them – the sounds, the smells, and even the people are scary!
→This is why their parents and family are so important and vital to the care team.
There are three types of models of care in pediatric nursing, which include;
➔ 1. Family-centered care.
◆ With family-centered care, the pediatric nurse should make sure to have
● respect for both the child and their family; this can be done by
, ○ sharing information,
○ having the family participate in care, and
○ collaborating with the family in determining the plan of care.
◆ Family-centered care is one of the most critical components of being a pediatric nurse.
● A child’s well-being is dependent on their family.
● A child’s physical and emotional health is influenced by their parents. They look to their parents
to provide safety and security.
● Family-centered care is a partnership between the patient, the family, and the nurse.
● As a pediatric nurse, you use this knowledge to further your care for your patient.
○ If a child’s parent trusts you and tells the patient that everything is okay, then
something as simple as administering medicine will be much easier.
○ Some strategies that can be implemented is to include the parents in nursing cares –
allow them to be as hands-on as they feel comfortable.
○ We should also include them in the change of shift handoff and ask them if you have
missed anything.
○ We should provide amenities such as access to a fridge for home food storage, free food
to breastfeeding mothers,
○ adapt your nursing schedule to fit their home regimens, provide quiet hours, anything
that is within your means to make the family, and thus the patient, more comfortable.
PP Slide 15
NOTE: Family-centered care recognizes that families are central to the well-being of children and, subsequently, the impact a
child’s illness may have on the family. This type of care promotes a partnership between patients, families, and healthcare
professionals to benefit everyone. The presence and involvement of the family can be as important to the child in some respects
as any medication or treatment.
➔ 2. Relationship-based care.
◆ Relationship-based care adds to this model because
● the pediatric nurse uses open communication to actively engage both the patient and their
family one-on-one.
● Care can then be individualized based on what the nurse learns from these interactions.
➔ 3. The pediatric medical home.
◆ A pediatric medical home will
● benefit children with disparities.
● This proactive outreach program ensures
○ timely well-child visits,
○ care coordination when needed,
○ comprehensive care during vulnerable patient care transitions, and
○ referrals for both medical and non-medical needs of the patient and family.
Module 1 PP Slide 6
➢ Issues and trends in Pediatric Nursing
■ Nursing care for children vs. adults
Pediatric nursing care require the nurse to use assessment and evaluation tools that are unique to
, infants, children, and adolescent populations.
➔ Pediatric pt. codes are typically due to respiratory issues
1. Issues in pediatric Nursing. Some of the issues that pediatric nurses face can be seen in the adult world, and some are
very specific to the pediatric population.
2. The nursing shortage is affecting the nursing profession as a whole; however, pediatric nursing being a specialty, can
affect hospital length of stay due to shortage problems. In nursing research, special considerations must be made for
pediatric patients. Did you know that children aged 7 or older can give their consent or dissent to be in a clinical
trial?
3. Another issue in pediatric research is the lack of ethnically diverse participants, meaning that studies on a particular
drug are done with one ethnic group and can then be clinically applied to children of another ethnic group. There is no
real way to know the lasting effects of this practice.
4. Another issue in pediatric nursing is the advances in medicine; while this is a positive, children with chronic illnesses
exceed previous life expectancies, and medical management between home, school, and hospitals must be better
managed.
5. Family communication can also be an issue in families with divorced parents, blended families, and grandparents as
primary caregivers. Also, note that family dynamics can cause special consideration for patients who live with foster
parents, single-parent households, and LGBTQ families, to name a few.
6. Patient education is important in all areas of nursing - in pediatric nursing, it is vital. Parents with limited health
literacy present challenges because the patient is wholly reliant on them.
7. The final issue is rising healthcare costs. Underinsured patients are more likely to be lost to follow-up care, which can
be detrimental to the pediatric patient.
Module 1 PP Slide 6
→Trends in Pediatric Nursing
There are certain topics or existing trends that pediatric nurses should be aware of as these topics impact their roles and
responsibilities.
The first major topic is obesity.
➔ Its prevalence has doubled since the 1990s, placing the child at an increased risk for lifelong conditions such as
◆ diabetes,
◆ stroke,
◆ heart disease,
◆ arthritis,
◆ certain cancers,
◆ hypertension,
◆ early puberty,
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