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B4 - Bioenergetics
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B1 – CellsCell####smallest unit of life
Eukaryotic cells####more complex cells, part of multicellular organisms
Prokaryotic cells####simpler cells, bacterial cell
Prokaryote####a unicellular organism
Eukaryote####an organism made from eukaryotic cells
What are the 2 types of eukaryotic cells?####animal and plant
Nucleus####controls the cell and contains genetic material
Cytoplasm####substance in which most chemical reactions happen
Cell membrane####controls substances that enter and exit the cell
Mitochondria####where aerobic respiration takes place
Ribosomes####site of protein synthesis
Cell wall####supports and protects cell, made of cellulose
Vacuole####contains cell sap
Chloroplasts####site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll
Which feature do plant cells have that animal cells don't?####cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole
What are the 2 types of microscope?####light and electron
What is the formula for magnification?####magnification = image size / actual size
1mm = ?μ ?####1000
Specialised cells####Cells that are adapted to carry out a specific function
Differentiation####process of a cell becoming specialised
What a sperm cells specialised for?####reproduction
What are the adaptions of a sperm cell?####streamlined, tail, lots of mitochondria, enzymes
Why does sperm have a streamlined shape and tail?####to help it swim
Why does sperm have lots of mitochondria?####to have lots of energy to reach egg
Why does sperm have enzymes in its head?####to break enamel of egg
What is a nerve signal specialised for?####rapid signalling
What is the adaption of a nerve cell?####long
Why are nerve cells long?####to carry electrical signals all around the body
What is the adaption of a muscle cell?####lots of mitochondria
Why does a muscle cell have lots of mitochondria?####to have enough energy to contract quickly
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