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Summary, Biopsychology: The Human Body 1.4
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This is a summary from the 1.4 Biopsychology Block in year 2021/2022. The mark I got for the exam was an 8.9 Good luck with studying:)
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BIOPSYCHOLOGYProblem 1 – Brain & Body
Neuroanatomy
= the anatomy of the nervous system
Structure of the
Vertebrate Nervous
System
Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System
Central nervous system
= consists of brain & spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
= nerves outside the CNS
⚠ Both systems are connected
Information flow: CNS → info → PNS → rest of the nervous
system
Peripheral Nervous System
somatic nervous system automatic nervous system
= voluntary movement = involuntary movement
- axons conveying messages from the - controls the heart ♡, intestines, and
sense organs to the CNS & from the other organs
CNS to the muscles
- has some of its cell bodies w/in the brain
- communication w/ the external word or the spinal cord and some in clusters
along the spinal cord
efferent:
efferent: Motor signal from CNS to organs
, BIOPSYCHOLOGY
motor information from CNS to nervous afferent:
system Sensory information from organs to CNS
afferent:
information from the skin, skeleton and
muscles to CNS
Anatomical directions in the nervous system
Terms & Definitions
, BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Terms Referring to parts of the Nervous System
, BIOPSYCHOLOGY
The Spinal Cord
Spinal cord
= long, tubular bundle of nerve fibers that extents from the brain through the spinal
column. These nerves fibers are part of the CNS and transmit information to and from the
body to the brain
What parts does the spina cord communicate with?
communicates w/ all sense organs & muscles (exception: those of the head)
structure
What type of structure is the spinal cord?
Spinal cord = segmented structure
⚠ each segment = 1 sensory nerve & 1 motor
nerve on both (left & right side)
Where are sensory & motor information carries?
entering dorsal roots (axon bundles) = carry
sensory information
exiting ventral roots = carry motor information
cell bodies
dorsal root ganglia (ganglion)
= cell bodies of the sensory neurons in clusters outside the spinal cord
Cell bodies of motor neurons – inside the spinal cord
Are these in the ventral horn grey matter???
ganglion = neuron cluster outside the CNS
nucleus = neuron cluster inside the CNS
How is the spinal cord connected to the brain?
each segment send sensory information to the brain and receives motor commands from the
brain
- all information passes through tracts of the axons in the spinal cord
Gray matter (H-shaped)
- centre of the cord
- packed w/ cell bodies and dendrites
- neurons form the grey matter send axons to the brain and other parts of the spinal cord
through the white matter
White matter
- consists of axons
- what is its function ????
Paralyzation= loss of senstation and motor control of the brain due to the spinal cord being
cut off
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