HESI PHARMACOLOGY Practice Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023
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Course
HESI pharmacology 2023
Institution
HESI Pharmacology 2023
HESI PHARMACOLOGY Practice Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023
A client taking linezolid (Zyvox) at home for an infected foot ulcer calls the home
care nurse to report the onset of watery diarrhea. Which intervention should the
nurse implement?
A. Schedule appointments to obtain blood samples fo...
Hesi pharmacology exam 2023 Hesi pharmacology exam 2023 /24 A client taking linezolid (Zyvox) at home for an infected foot ulcer calls the home care nurse to report the onset of watery diarrhea. Which intervention should the nurse implement? A. Schedule appointments to obtain blood samples for drug peak and trough levels. B. Reassure the client that this is an expected side effect that will resolve in a few days. C. Instruct the client to obtain a stool specimen to be taken to the laboratory for analysis. D. Advise the client to begin taking an over -the-counter antidiarrhea l agent. C. Instruct the client to obtain a stool specimen to be taken to the laboratory for analysis. Rationale: Antibiotics, such as Zyvox, can cause pseudomembranous colitis, resulting in severe watery diarrhea. The prescriber should be notified, and a stool specimen (C) should be obtained and analyzed for this complication. Severe diarrhea is not an indication of drug toxicity, so (A) is not warranted. Although gastrointestinal disturbance can be an adverse effect of Zyvox (B), a stool specimen shoul d be obtained because the client reports the diarrhea is severe. Antidiarrheal medications (D) are contraindicated in the presence of this colitis and should not be started until this potential complication is ruled out. A client who has trouble swallowing pills intermittently has been prescribed venlafaxine (Effexor XR) for depression. The medication comes in capsule form. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for this client? A. Capsule contents can be sprinkled on pudding or applesauce. B. Chew the medication thoroughly to enhance absorption. C. Take the medication with a large glass of water or juice. D. Contact the health care provider for another form of medication. D. Contact the health care provider for another form of medication. Hesi pharmacology exam 2023 Rationale: Venlafaxine (Effexor XR) is administered PO in capsule form. Capsules that are extended -release (XR) or continuous -release (CR) contain delayed -release, entericcoated granules to prevent decomposition of the dr ug in the acidic pH of the stomach. The client should notify the health care provider about the inability to swallow the capsule (D). This medication should not be chewed or opened so that the delayed -release, enteric -coated granules can remain intact (A and B). Water or juice (C) will not affect the medication . A client who is HIV -positive is receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen) for the management of anemia secondary to zidovudine (AZT) therapy. Which laboratory finding is most important for the nurse to repor t to the health care provider? A. Hematocrit (HCT) of 58% B. Hemoglobin of 10.8 g/dL C. White blood cell count of 5000 mm3 D. Serum potassium level of 5 mEq/L A. Hematocrit (HCT) of 58% Rationale: (A) should be reported to the health care provider immediately because of the likelihood of a hypertensive crisis and because seizure activity increases with an increase in HCT of more than 4 points, or an HCT above 36%. Epogen stimulates erythropoiesis (p roduction of red blood cells), thereby decreasing the need for blood transfusions. Uncontrolled hypertension can occur if erythropoietin levels are too high. (B) is the reason why the client is receiving Epogen. (C and D) are within normal limits . The nur se is scheduling a client's antibiotic peak and trough levels with the laboratory personnel. What is the best schedule for drawing the trough level? A. Give the dose of medication, and call the laboratory to draw the trough STAT. B. Arrange for the laboratory to draw the trough 1 hour after the dose is given.C. Instruct the laboratory to draw the trough immediately before the next scheduled dose. D. Give the first dose of medication after the laboratory reports that the trough has been drawn. C. Instruct the laboratory to draw the trough immediately before the next scheduled dose. Rationale: The best time to draw a trough is the closest time to the next administration (C). (A) will provide a peak level. (B) will not provide the most accurate trough level. The medication is given before peak and trough levels are obtained (D). During administration of theophylline (Theo -Dur), the nurse should monitor for signs of toxicity. Which symptom would cause the nurse to suspect Theo -Dur toxicity? A. Dry mouth B. Urinary retention C. RestlessnessD. Sedation C. Restlessness Rationale: Restlessness (C) is a sign of theophylline intoxication. Other signs of toxicity are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and seizures. (A, B, and D) are co mmon side effects of antihistamines but do not indicate theophylline (Theo -Dur) intoxication . The health care provider prescribes oral contraceptives for a client who wants to prevent pregnancy. Which information is the most important for the nurse to provide to this client? A. Take one pill at the same time every day until all the pills are gone. B. Use condoms and foam instead of the pill while on any antibiotics. C. Limit sexual intercourse for at least one cycle after starting the pill.
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