Class notes
Module 3: Genomes
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detailed notes on module 3 which is about genomes. It also includes recommended readings.
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Lecture 1 Genomesizes and replication originsA genome is the complete set of Dna molecules possessed
by an organism
Genome sizes
Human genome comprises 3200 Mbor Dna 13,200million basepairs
split into zu linear Dna molecules chromosomes
shortest is 48Mb
longest is zsomb
each one in a different chromosome
In a normal diploid cell there are 46 chromosomes
two sets of chromosomes n 22 and either xx or xx
E coli genome comprises a ou mb or Dna
an contained in a single DNA
circular molecule
replication origins
E coli
replication of the Ecoli genome begins at an origin of replication
alwaysthe same position on the genome
two replication forks bidirectional
Initiation or E coli Dna replication
Dnaaproteins bind close to the origin of replication
Dna become wound round these proteins
this forces the base pairs to break at the origin of replication
origin is a t rich which makes it easier to come apart
, The pre
priming complex is formed by the attachment of DnaB proteins to the origin
DnaB is a helicase
DnaB breaks more base pairs so the replication Forksmove away from the origin
Increases the size of fork by increasing the length or exposed singlestranded Dna
DnaB moves bidirectionally
the primosomeis formed by the attachment of two primase enzymes
these make the Rna primers that initiate replication or the leading strands
primosome is made by adding the primase enzyme to the
priming complex whichinitiates replication
pre
primase is a type of Rna polymerase that synthesizes the
primers needed before Dnapoint can synthesize Dna
At the replication fork in E coli
Helicase Dna B breaks the base pairs
singlestrand binding proteins ssBs protect the bare single strands
Dna topoisomerase unwinds the strands
Primase makes Rna primers on leading and laggingstrands
Dna pot in two copies synthesize Dna
Dna pot I and Dna ligase remove primers and join okazaki fragments
the gamma complex clamp loader attaches and detaches poi ill from the lagging strand
the beta complex slidingclamp holds Pol II onto template allowing it to slide
not
Both
eager
mmmm
the combination of the two Dna polymerase in enzymes the gamma x complex and the primosome
migrating alongthe parent Dna and carrying out most of the replicativefunctions is called the replisome
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