NA is a polymer long chainlike molecule made up of monomers
monomers nucleotide
Form poly
nucleotide
Each nucleotide has threeparts
1 sugar 2 deoxyribose 12prime o 0
Five carbon sugar 1 01 ftp.oqgg base
on is replaced by H at carbon 2 phosphates
to the es hydroxyl or the sugar sugar
jigged
g
Nitrogencontaining ring compounds
threephosphate groups
Farthest awayfrom base is the gama phosphate
Middle phosphate is called the betaphosphate
next to the sugar is the aira phosphate
there are fourbases in DNA
Adenine and guanine are purines two rings
cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines
i
d
y
N C MICH Hiiiii it iii
It
I
adenine A cytosine c Guanine a thymine t
n
the n carbon of the sugar is attached to the nitrogen e or a pyramidine or a of a purine
chargarts rule total number of purines in a Dna molecule is equal to the totalnumber of pyrimidines
the names of the four nucleotides
2 deoxyadenosine s triphosphate to date A
2 deoxy guanosine s triphosphate r dote a
2 deoxy cytidine s triphosphate a acte c
n z deoxy thymidine s triphosphate to dip t
, tow are nucleotides joined together
phosphodiester bond
o f o pÉo pÉo Enzo base the two ends are different
I
31 Lo s to 3
I directionality allows for Dna to be
phosphodiester bond 0 51 0 Enzo base read correctly
O
o O Etz base
6
ii it
on 3 on terminus
to make nucleic acid polymers nucleotides are joined together by a phosphodiester bond between the
s and 3 carbon atoms or adjacent sugar rings
Hydroxyl group of the 3 carbon is lost
B and y phosphates are cleaved off lost
the chemical distinction between ends mean that poly
nucleotides have a direction
chemicalreaction needed to extend a Dna polymer in the s to 3 is different than the one
needed for the 3 to s direction
nucleotides carry out s to 3 synthesis
all enzymes that make new Dna poly
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