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Module 1: DNA and gene structure

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Lecture notes plus recommended reading of molecular biology module 1 on DNA structure

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  • July 13, 2023
  • 6
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • David boam
  • All classes
  • Unknown
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Lecture 1 structure of DNA

NA is a polymer long chainlike molecule made up of monomers
monomers nucleotide
Form poly
nucleotide

Each nucleotide has threeparts
1 sugar 2 deoxyribose 12prime o 0
Five carbon sugar 1 01 ftp.oqgg base
on is replaced by H at carbon 2 phosphates


to the es hydroxyl or the sugar sugar
jigged
g
Nitrogencontaining ring compounds


threephosphate groups
Farthest awayfrom base is the gama phosphate
Middle phosphate is called the betaphosphate
next to the sugar is the aira phosphate

there are fourbases in DNA
Adenine and guanine are purines two rings
cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines


i
d
y
N C MICH Hiiiii it iii
It
I
adenine A cytosine c Guanine a thymine t


n
the n carbon of the sugar is attached to the nitrogen e or a pyramidine or a of a purine


chargarts rule total number of purines in a Dna molecule is equal to the totalnumber of pyrimidines


the names of the four nucleotides
2 deoxyadenosine s triphosphate to date A
2 deoxy guanosine s triphosphate r dote a
2 deoxy cytidine s triphosphate a acte c
n z deoxy thymidine s triphosphate to dip t

, tow are nucleotides joined together
phosphodiester bond


o f o pÉo pÉo Enzo base the two ends are different
I
31 Lo s to 3
I directionality allows for Dna to be
phosphodiester bond 0 51 0 Enzo base read correctly



O
o O Etz base
6
ii it
on 3 on terminus

to make nucleic acid polymers nucleotides are joined together by a phosphodiester bond between the
s and 3 carbon atoms or adjacent sugar rings
Hydroxyl group of the 3 carbon is lost
B and y phosphates are cleaved off lost

the chemical distinction between ends mean that poly
nucleotides have a direction
chemicalreaction needed to extend a Dna polymer in the s to 3 is different than the one
needed for the 3 to s direction
nucleotides carry out s to 3 synthesis
all enzymes that make new Dna poly

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