OPOTA EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2022-2023 Student Performance Objective (SPO): 1 -1 - Correct Answer -A. Explains the relationship between a Student Performance Objective and a test question B. Explains the ultimate reason for law enforcement training The Ultimate Reason for Law Enforcement Training 1 -1 - Correct Answer -A. To be able to protect life and property of yourself and the public. A Peace Officers Main Goals 1 -2 - Correct Answer -A. Enforce laws B. Preserve peace C. Prevent Crimes D. Protect Civil Rights and liberties E. provide Services Considerations when exercising discretion - Correct Answer -A. Use sound judgement to determine which laws are to be formally enforced. B. Determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situatio n without an arrest or citation. Prevention Patrol: Deter crime Interrupt a crime in progress Position the officers to respond to emergency situations Increase of feeling of security to citizens. Incident Response: Officers respond to minor situations Typical dispositions include: Gathering information Directing parties to community resources Restore order Complete reports Emergency Response: Takes precedence over all other calls Less common than routine incident calls Includes incidents. Criminal Investigation: Process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible. Investigations carried out by detectives Responding officer secures and protects the scene Detective should be able to pick up where the responding officer left off. Factors Necessary for the commission of a Crime - Correct Answer -A. Desire (Most difficult to change) The motivation behind the criminal behavior. B. Victim the potential target criminals prefer a n easy target that is unaware of his/her surroundings or lacking proper security precautions. C. Opportunity (easiest to change) Removing opportunity for crime with proper security measures applied to the victim's environment D.O.V. Crime Prevention is Abo ut: A. Attitude B. Modifying Behavior 4 "D's" of Crime Prevention: Deny Delay Detect Deter Core Concept of Community Policing - Correct Answer -A. A partnership between the police and the community B. Crime prevention C. Organizational change of the agency D. A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive "SARA" Model: A. Scanning B. Analysis C. Response D. Assessment Considerations for Off Duty Situations - Correct Answer -A. Behavior, a. An officer's behavior is often scrutinized by the community even when not on duty b, not only does this refer to physical and verbal actions, but also online activity on social media. c. An officer is expected to uphold the law enforcement code of ethics. B. Situational Awareness, a. An officer should mak e every effort to remain alert even when not working. b. You never know when you may need to transition quickly from private citizen to a peace officer. c. Make certain to pre -plan with your family should a situation arise while together. d. Create a numbe r of scenarios for your family to practice. e. Familiarize yourself with your agency's off duty weapon policy. C. Be a good witness, a. If a situation arises when police intervention is necessary. Purpose of the Bill Of Rights - Correct Answer -A. To prote ct an individual's freedoms B. To prevent the government from interfering in protected rights Major Components of Criminal Justice System - Correct Answer -A. Law Enforcement (e.g. Police Officer, Deputy Sheriff) a. Keep the peace b. Apprehend violators c . Prevent crime d. Provide social services B. Courts a. Hold fair and impartial trials b. Determine guilt or innocence. c. Impose sentences on the guilty. d. Key personnel include judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys. C. Corrections - Responsible for supervising offenders a. Prisons/County jails. b. Parole. c. Probation d. Halfway houses e. Work release programs. Goals of Sentencing - Correct Answer -A. To punish the offender and in many cases, rehabilitate the offen der. B. Protect society. C. Restore the victim as much as possible. The concept of lawful actions and police legitimacy - Correct Answer -A. Lawful: Defined by laws and standards B. Criminal Law: Identify what actions are prohibited C. Rules of agency (Adm inistrative rules, general orders, standard operating procedures) D. Constitutional law (4th, 5th and 6th) E. Police Legitimacy: Exists when the public views the Police as authorized to exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts and solve problems in the community F. Officers can act lawfully and in the parameters of agency policy and the citizenry still not perceive there to be Police legitimacy - There can be lawful, but awful interactions. 3 Resulting Judgments of Police Legitima cy in Action that Translate into Positive - Correct Answer -A. Judgement 1 a. Public trust and confidence in the Police as being honest, trying to do the job well, trying to protect the community. b. Result - Individuals are more likely to become actively involved in Police community partnerships. B. Judgement 2 a. Public willingness to defer to the law and Police authority. b. Result - There is a correlation between those who obey the laws and those who view the police as legitimate; In addition to those who see the Police as legitimate have an increased willingness to cooperate by reporting crimes and providing valuable information known and suspected offenders. C. Judgement 3 a. Public belief that Police actions are morally justified and appropriate. b. Result - Citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis. Circumstances when Filming the Police is Permissible - Correct Answer -A. At least one party to the encounter consents OR B. When officers are carrying out the the duties in public, so long as it does not interfere with the officers carrying out their duties. The Relationship between Race, Genetics and Physical Characteristics. - Correct Answer -A. Race is a modern concept used to classify people by similar observable physical c haracteristics. B. It is not, as many people think, based on genetics. C. Despite surface appearance, humans are one of the most genetically similar of all species. D. Within the human species, there is no distinct genetic profile that completely distingui shes one so -called race from another. E. This is because most genetically influenced traits like hair, skin, eye shape, blood type, athleticism and intelligence are inherited completely independent from one another. The connection between between In -group s, Out and police legitimacy. - Correct Answer -A. Some individuals interpret their encounters by Police in terms of their groups social position rather than, or in addition to, the immediate circumstances of the Police contact. Types of Racism - Correct A nswer -A. Individual Racism, a. Internalized unexpressed biases and prejudices based on race. B. Interpersonal Racism a. Occurs between individuals. b. Includes public expression of racial prejudice and hate made by individual's. C. Institutional Racism, a. Race based, discriminatory policies and treatment that are produced and perpetuated by institutions (Schools, media, government, banks) that result in equitable opportunities and impacts b. Occurs within and between institutions c. Includes the discrim inatory actions of individuals exercising the authority of the institution (e.g. A bank loan officer representing an institution, treating someone with racial bias; A law enforcement institution treating someone with racial bias). D. Structural Racism a. Refers to the collective way history, culture and institutions reinforce and perpetuate racialized outcomes, even in the absence of racial intent. b. It is broadly encompassing; It touches on all aspects of society (e.g. history, politics, economics) and i s the foundation from which the other types of racism emerge. c. Indicators include power inequalities, unequal access to opportunities and differing outcomes by race, whether or not intentional. Components of Biases - Correct Answer -A. Stereotypes a. Generalization about the perceived "typical" characteristics of a social category. b. We categorize people by age, gender, race and role. c. Stereotypes do not necessarily have to have a negative connotation, as social scientists point out that it is just a way for your brain to quickly sort people into recognizable groups. B. Prejudices a. An often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race, age, etc that is not necessarily reasonable or logical. C. Attitude a. Positive or negative feeli ngs associated with individuals or groups: the tendency to like or dislike, or to act favorably or unfavorably toward someone or something. Biased Based Profiling and Criminal Profiling - Correct Answer -A. Bias Based Profiling, racial profiling and illega l profiling have the same meaning and are used interchangeably
