1. What are some of the key ways that you can think of to reduce your cancer risk?
2. While she is being prepared for a biopsy of a lump in her right breast, the patient asks the nurse what the difference is between a benign tumour and a malignant tumour. Which of the following...
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1. What are some of the key ways that you question?
can think of to reduce your cancer
risk? a. Cancer cells develop a
new gene, called
2. While she is being prepared for a biopsy
of a lump in her right breast, the patient
asks the nurse what the difference is
between a benign tumour and a
malignant tumour. Which of the following
explanations about benign tumours best
describes the differ- ence from malignant
tumours?
a.Benign tumours frequently recur in the
same site.
b.Benign tumours do not cause damage
to adjacent tissue.
c.Benign tumours do not spread to other
tissues and organs.
d.Benign tumours are simply an
over- growth of normal cells.
3. 2. A patient has been told by his physi-
cian that the tumour in his bowel is
poorly differentiated. He asks the nurse
what is meant by "poorly differentiated."
On what knowledge should the nurse
base the re- sponse to the patient's
1/
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1) **Don't smoke**
2) Limit alcohol
3)Reduce exposure to carcino- gens-
smoking, sun exposure, hazardous
chemicals,
4) Eat balanced diet
5) Exercise (30 minutes- 5 times/
week)
6) Maintain healthy weight
7) Follow cancer screening guidelines
8) Know the early warning signs of
cancer
ANS: C
The major difference between malignant
and benign tumours is that benign
tumours nev-
er metastasize, whereas malig- nant
tumours invade adjacent tissues and
spread to distant tissues.
ANS: C
An undifferentiated cell has an
appearance more like that of a stem cell
or a fetal cell and
less like that of a normal cell of the organ
or tissue. The DNA in cancer cells is
always different from that of normal cells.
2/
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an oncogene, which promotes continu-
ous, immature reproduction of cells.
b.Poorly differentiated cells are fetal cells
that do not have time to mature as a
result of the rapid division of malignant
cells. c.Normal cells revert to a more fetal
ap- pearance and function, probably
because of mutation of cellular genes
called pro- to-oncogenes.
d.Normal mature cells with specific func-
tions become immature, nonfunctioning
cells when chemical agents, such as
oncogenes, cause cell mutation.
4. 3. A patient tells the nurse that he read ANS: B
that asbestos is a carcinogen and Carcinogens are cancer-
asks whether that means it causes caus- ing agents capable
cancer. Which of the following of produc- ing cellular
explains what a carcinogen is? alterations and may be
chemical, radioactive, or
a.Any agent or condition that can vi- ral in nature.
promote the proliferation of altered,
mutated cells b.Any chemical, physical,
or genetic agent that can irreversibly
alter cellular DNA, causing abnormal
cells to be produced c.Any agent or
condition that causes chronic irritation
and stimulation of tis- sue, resulting in
uncontrolled overgrowth of tissue
d.A specific, known chemical or
physical agent that can start
uncontrolled cellular proliferation by
fracturing cellular DNA
5. 4. When teaching a patient who smokes
about the relationship of smoking to the ANS: B
development of cancer, how should the Some carcinogens (called
nurse explain tobacco smoke as a complete carcinogens) are
"com- plete" carcinogen? ca- pable of both initiating
and pro- moting the
3/
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development of can- cer. Tobacco is an
example of a
4/
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