Summary
Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGY NOTES ON RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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ALEVEL NOTES ON RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHEIS ADJUSTED TO THE AQA SPECIFICATION AND MADE FROM MARKSCHEMES
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RNA & Protein Synthesis-
-
- -
• Both mRNA and tRNA are involved in the process of protein synthesis .
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① I'm!9%%iaHhe
{
)
Rna nucleotide
I 3 end
'
-
B C
←
amino acid
site
/ .
c.
A
binding
r
"
I
" on
:c:c
.
e.
Sugar AEU
/
D-
104 [T
UEA
loop
U -
c A
( -
i
' to
↳AcG
a
µ Hydrogen bonds
↳ €81
CE0 between base
pairs
mRNA the code from the DNA
carries
genetic
•
④
GEC
to the ribosomes , where it's used to make a
protein A anticodon
=
¥
[
during translation .
loop
U y
•
mRNA codons of three adjacent bases
are
groups .
GAA
-
( also called base triplets / triplets) anti codon
tRNA that
1apton
.
carries the amino acids are used to make
proteins
to the ribosomes .
strand folded
ERNA is a
single poly nucleotide that 's into a
•
•
In transcription mRNA of is made clover shape
gene
: a
an
copy
.
from DNA .
.
Hydrogen bonds between specific base
pairs
hold the molecule
•
Transcription takes place in the nucleus in
eukaryotic in this shape .
Cells and
cytoplasm in
prokaryotes Every tRNA molecule has a
specific sequence of three
•
.
bases at one end called an anti codon .
① RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA
- RNA polymerase
anti sense strand
"
↳ E-
-
"
:* ::÷::÷:÷:÷¥::÷"
"
a
Hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands
-
=
in the break separating the strands I
gene , .
-
One of the strands is then used as a
template to
make an mRNA copy .
ZA.org/ementarymRNAisformed--
-
complementary phosphodiester
strand
sense E bond
to
::÷÷÷::::÷:÷::÷:L
.
a
'
)
'
strand 13 -5
template .
=
µ
,
•
RNA nucleotides are joined to adjacent nucleotides I ↳ A
Free RNA
by phosphodiester bonds to form the mRNA strand .
nucleotides
•
mRNA strand becomes a complementary copy of the DNA
anti sense -
template strand .
( base T replaced by U in RNA )
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