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IONIC EQULIBRIUM SHORT NOTE
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chemistryneet 2022
AFMC AFMC JEE AIPMT
01 02 03 04
ELECTROLYTE ACID-BASE CONCEPTS IONISATION AND IONISATION CONSTANT VALUE OF IONIC
Substance which allow the flow of electricity through their 01 ARRHENIUS CONCEPT In all tonisation reactions concentration of water [H2O] is taken At 25°C, Kw = [H3O+] [
aqueous solution or through their molten form. Acids are H ions donors and bases are OH ion donors.
+ - as constant
01 If [H+] = [OH-] = 1x10
01 STRONG ELECTROLYTE HCl H+ + Cl- (acid) NaOH Na++OH- (base)
electrolyte which dissociates completely into ions. 01 IONISATION OF WATER 02 If [H+] > [OH-] = i.e [H
02 BRONSTED - LOWRY CONCEPT H2O + H2O H3O++OH-
eg : HCl, NaOH Acids are protons (H ion) donors and bases are proton acceptors.
+
03 If [H+] < [OH-] = i.e [H
02 WEAK ELECTROLYTE lonisation constant of water, Kw = [H3O+] [OH-]
Eg : CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO + H3O
- +
electrolyte which dissociates partially into ions. or Kw = [H+] [OH-] PH PH
eg : CH3COOH, NH4OH acid base bace acid
02 IONISATION OF ACID PH = - log [H+] P
IONIC EQUILIBRIUM base + H+ Conjugate acid acid - H+ Conjugate base CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO-+H3O+ P
Equilibrium established in between ions and unionised Salt
in a weak electrolyte. Conjugate acid of H20 H3O+ Conjugate base of H20 OH- lonisation constant, Ka = [CH3COO-] [H3O+]
P SCALE
H
03 LEWIS CONCEPT [CH3COOH]
Eg. In weak electrolytes, equilibrium is established between Bases are lone pair e donors & acids are lone pair e acceptors.
- -
ions and the unionized molecules. This type of equilibrium or Ka = [CH3COO-] [H+]
l.involves ions in aqueous solution. II.is called physical equilibrium. Lewis acid - Substances having Vacant space in their valence
shell to accomodate lone pair of e- [CH3COOH]
III.is due to complete ionization IV.is called ionic equilibrium. 03 IONISATION OF BASE
The correct statement(s) is/are Eg : BF3, AlCl3, H+, Ag+
Eg : NH4OH [NH4+] [OH-]
(A) I and IV only (B) II and III only (C) IV only (D) I, II, III and IV Lewis base - Substances having lone pair of e- in their valence
shell lonisation constant of base Kb =
ANS : (A) [NH4OH]
Eg : NH3, H2O, Cl-, OH-
ionic equilibrium
AFMC AMU AFMC 2009 AIPMT 20
06 07 08 09
ACID STRENGTH POLY PROTIC ACIDS & POLY HYDROXY BASES HYDROLYSIS OF SALTS COMMON ION EF
acid strength Ka Salt + H2O hydrolysis
acid + base lonisation of a weak e
Acids having ionisable hydrogen are known as porotic acids or
basic acids. eg :- HCl, H SO , H C O , H PO , CH COOH etc SALT OF STRONG ACID & STRONG BASE of salt which contain co
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