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Sumario Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) resumen
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Virus del papiloma humano, genotipos, factores de riesgo, patogenia, diagnóstico, tratamiento y complicaciones.
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VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO (VPH)El virus del papiloma humano es una infección de transmisión sexual causada por el
papilovirus, el cual es un virus ADN bicatenario que pertenece a la familia de los
papovavirus, que infecta especialmente la piel y las mucosas. La infección de este virus
produce tanto lesiones benignas (condilomas anogenitales) como lesiones premalignas y
diferentes tipos de cáncer.
Existen más de 200 genotipos distintos de VPH, que se agrupan desde un punto de vista
clínico en de bajo y alto riesgo oncogénico. Por ejemplo, los genotipos 6 y 11 son los
responsables de lesiones benignas muy comunes como son las verrugas anogenitales.
Mientras que los genotipos 16 y 18, que son de alto riesgo oncogénico, producen lesiones
displásicas, las cuales son consideradas como precursores de una gran cantidad de neoplasias,
especialmente del cuello uterino, ano y orofaringe.
Genotipos de alto riesgo (doce): 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 y 59.
Factores de riesgo
Los principales grupos de riesgo para la infección por VPH son personas inmunodeprimidas
y personas con un mayor número de contactos y parejas sexuales.
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