What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? - Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the
lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? - An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing
female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? - females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right
hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders,
visual spatial and attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? - a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is
decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? - Ferrous Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia).
Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for
hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and
recurrence risk) - Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? - 55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - Preserved
What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? - Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3
murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? - Think peripheral vascular. Lower
extremity edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? - BNP. Heart failure is a result greater
than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? - Ischemic heart disease because the demand
requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? - Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? - Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
, What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to
hyperinflation - Emphysema
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? - Bronchitis
What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? - Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to
clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? - Endocrine disorder called acromegaly
(overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? - Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune
destruction of adrenal cortex)
What causes Cushing's syndrome? - excess cortisol
What causes Grave's disease? - overproduction of thyroid hormone. HYPERthyroidism.
When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? - At
night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow position changes and lay down if
needed.
What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? - dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? -
Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors are effected
What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? - Verapamil
What side effect should you watch for in a patient taking a statin drug? - Muscle pain which
can lead to rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and death.
Which diuretic is NOT used in patients with kidney failure and sickle cell disease? -
Thiazide diuretics
What type of drug is spironolactone? - potassium sparing diuretic
Which type of insulin is the most painful during injection? - Lantus (long-acting)
Why test glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c)? - Most reliable assessment of blood sugar
over the past 3 months. The goal is < 6.5%. A poor result is > 9%
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Boffin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.