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GY 462 Full Revision Guide

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Full Revision Guide including all summaries of lecture notes, tutorials, examination questions and relevant readings.

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  • February 7, 2017
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  • 2015/2016
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GY462 – Real Estate Finance

Lecture 1 – Real Estate Investment Analysis I
Property Valuation
The value of a property is fundamentally an assessment of the associated risks and
opportunities (Linneman, 2004)

Downside risks
1. Operating cost – utility bills, maintenance fees, management cost, taxes, insurance cost
2. Vacancy – not being able to lease out the property
3. Natural Disaster – Real estate is a physical and tangible asset that is affected by natural
disasters such as floods, earthquakes
4. Leasing – issues with payment from tenants like nonpayment
5. Liquidity – Real estate is an illiquid investment with high transaction cost hence it is difficult
to time disposing of the asset. It is large and indivisible so it takes up a large proportion of a
person’s portfolio (risky). Different from buying one share. Investors probably need to
leverage to buy real estate asset.

Depends on whether the owner is able to pass through the risks/operating cost to tenants.
Usually possible in commercial real estate (Triple net lease)

Opportunities
1. Operating cost – exploit synergies to reduce operating cost and get higher returns from
restructuring a previously derelict building
2. Terminal Value – Resale price, hope to buy low and sell high
3. Rental growth – Most of the value of the building comes from rental growth during the
holding period instead of hoping for a high resale price. If you are able to generate high
rental growth, it increases terminal value

Project Financing
 If decided to buy real estate, how to finance the venture
 How much to borrow
 How to borrow ex. Fixed rate/ adjustable rate loan

Real estate (RE) as Financial Asset
 Differences to other financial assets
 Indirect RE investments to avoid downsides and take advantage of upsides of financial
positions in RE ex. REITs and mortgage backed securities
 International/portfolio diversification

Differences of Direct Real Estate to other Financial Assets
1. Indivisibility and large lot size – affects both price and risk. Investment is usually in millions
for a building hence leverage is intrinsic in real estate. Not very diversified real estate
portfolio so risk is less thinly spread out.
2. Heterogeneity of assets – each real estate has its unique characteristics
3. Slow and expensive transactions – difficult to time selling (risky)
4. Poor liquidity and private trading – Requires leverage, not many comparable properties

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