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Health The Basics 12th Edition By Rebecca Donatelle (Instructor Manual)
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INSTRUCTOR RESOURCE ANDSUPPORT MANUAL
Health: The Basics
TWELFTH EDITION
Rebecca J. Donatelle
NOTE: For Complete File, Download link at the end of this File
, CHAPTER
Accessing Your Health
1
Overview
This chapter will help lay the foundation for good health and positive behavior change. The
terms health and wellness are used interchangeably to describe the entire dynamic process of
fulfilling one’s potential in the physical, social, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, and envi-
ronmental dimensions of life. Multiple factors contribute to the status of one’s health, many
of which are within a person’s control. To be healthy, one must make decisions about when
to maintain current healthy behaviors and when and how to change unhealthy ones. Chapter 1
provides an understanding of how behavior change occurs and how one can improve their
health behaviors. A major focus is the decision-making section and the self-assessment of
one’s health. Chapter 1 sets the tone for the remainder of the book.
Learning Outcomes
1. Describe the immediate and long-term rewards of healthy behaviors and the effects that
your health choices may have on others.
2. Compare and contrast the medical model of health and the public health model, and
discuss the six dimensions of health.
3. Identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable personal and social factors that influence your
health; discuss the importance of a global perspective on health; and explain how gender,
racial, economic, and cultural factors influence health disparities.
4. Compare and contrast the health belief model, the social cognitive model, and the
transtheoretical model of behavior change, and explain how you might use them in mak-
ing a specific behavior change.
5. Identify your current risk behaviors, the factors that influence those behaviors, and the
strategies you can use to change them.
Lecture Outline
I. Why Health, Why Now?
A. Choose Health Now for Immediate Benefits
1. Subtle choices including sleep, smoking, and drinking can impact your well-being,
academic performance, driving, immune functioning, and mood.
2. When you’re nourished, fit, rested, and free from the influence of nicotine, alcohol,
and other drugs, you’re more likely to avoid illness, succeed in school, maintain
supportive relationships, participate in meaningful work and community activities,
and enjoy your leisure time.
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
, B. Choose Health Now for Long-Term Rewards
1. The choices you make today are like seeds: Planting good seeds (health) and nurturing
them along the way (healthful choices) mean you’re more likely to enjoy the fruits of
good health, including not only a longer life, but higher quality of life. On the other
hand, poor choices increase the likelihood of a shorter life, illness, addiction, and other
problems.
2. Life Expectancy
a. According to current mortality rates, the average life expectancy at birth in the
United States is projected to be 78.8 years for a child born in 2013.
b. Life expectancy has increased significantly over the past 100 years, largely because
our susceptibility to infectious disease has changed.
c. Leading causes of death have now shifted to chronic diseases such as heart disease,
cerebrovascular disease, cancer, and chronic lower respiratory diseases.
d. Advances in diagnostic technologies and medications have continued the trend of
increasing life expectancy into the twenty-first century.
e. Life expectancy in the United States is several years below that of many nations due
to many complex factors.
3. Healthy Life Expectancy
a. Healthful choices increase your healthy life expectancy, the number of years of full
health you enjoy, without disability, chronic pain, or significant illness.
b. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept that includes
elements of physical, mental, emotional, and social function.
c. Closely related to HRQoL is well-being, which assesses the positive aspects of a
person’s life, such as positive emotions and life satisfaction.
C. Your Health Is Linked to Your Community
1. Our personal health choices affect the lives of others because they contribute to na-
tional health and the global burden of disease.
2. For example, along with its associated health problems, obesity burdens the U.S.
health care system and the U.S. economy with direct medical costs and indirectly
through reduced tax revenues.
a. Direct and indirect costs are also associated with smoking, excessive consumption
of alcohol, and use of illegal drugs.
3. At the root of this issue is an ethical question: to what extent should the public be held
accountable for an individual’s unhealthy choices? Should we require individuals to
somehow pay for their poor choices?
a. We already tax cigarettes and alcohol at a higher rate, and some states exclude
things like candy and sweetened soft drinks from tax exemptions for food items.
b. Others argue that smoking, drinking, and overeating should be treated behaviors
that require treatment, not punishment.
Key Terms: mortality, life expectancy, chronic disease, healthy life expectancy, health-
related quality of life (HRQoL), well-being
Figure and Table:
Figure 1.1
Top Ten Reported Impediments to Academic Performance—Past 12 Months
Table 1.1
Leading Causes of Death in United States, 2012, Overall and by Age Group (15 and older)
See It! Video: Helping Others Could Be Good for Your Health
2 INSTRUCTOR RESOURCE AND SUPPORT MANUAL FOR HEALTH: THE BASICS, 12e Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
, II. What Is Health?
1. The definition of health has evolved throughout history.
A. Models of Health
1. Our current model of health has broadened from a focus on the physical body to an
understanding of health as a reflection not only of ourselves, but also of our communi-
ties.
2. Medical Model
a. The medical model focused primarily on the individual and his or her tissues and
organs, and the surest way to improve health was to cure the individual’s disease.
3. Public Health Model
a. The public health model views diseases and other negative health events as a result
of an individual’s interaction with his or her social and physical environment.
b. Recognition of the public health model enabled health officials to prioritize hygiene
and sanitation as being integral to health.
c. By the 1940s, progressive thinkers began calling for even more policies, programs,
and services to improve individual health and that of the population as a whole.
d. The World Health Organization defines health as “the state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.”
e. Health promotion includes policies and programs that promote health behaviors
known to support good health.
f. Health promotion programs identify people engaging in risky behaviors (those that
increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes) and create environments con-
ducive to positive behavior change.
B. Wellness and the Dimensions of Health
1. René Dubos defined health as “a quality of life, involving social, emotional, mental,
spiritual, and biological fitness on the part of the individual, which results from
adaptations to the environment.”
a. This concept of adaptability became key to our overall understanding of health.
2. Later, the concept of wellness enlarged Dubos’s definition of health by recognizing
gradations of health.
a. To achieve high-level wellness, a person must move progressively higher on a con-
tinuum of positive health indicators. Those who fail to achieve these levels may slip
into illness.
3. Today health and wellness are often used interchangeably to describe the dynamic, ev-
er-changing process of trying to achieve one’s potential in the six interrelated dimen-
sions of health.
4. The dimensions of health include:
a. Physical health (body size and shape; ability to perform activities of daily living).
b. Social health (ability to have satisfying interpersonal relationships).
c. Intellectual health (ability to think clearly, reason objectively, analyze critically, use
brainpower to meet life’s challenges).
d. Emotional health (the ability to express and control appropriate emotions).
e. Spiritual health (having a sense of meaning and purpose in your life).
f. Environmental health (an appreciation of the external environment and the roles
individuals play to protect and improve environmental conditions).
5. Achieving wellness means attaining the optimal level of well-being for your unique
limitations and strengths.
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 Accessing Your Health 3
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