Bio 151 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has _____.
A) less surface area
B) less surface area per unit of volume
C)a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen
D)a smaller cytopl...
Bio 151 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has _____. A) less surface area B) less surface area per unit of volume C)a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen D)a smaller cytoplasm -to-nucleus ratio - CORRECT ANSWER B Extra -cellular fluid is _____. A)the internal environment inside animal cells B)identical to the composition of blood C)a common site of exchange between blood and body cells D)found only in the lumen of the small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER C Most types of communication between cells utilize _____. A)the exchange of cytosol between the cells B)the movement of the cells C)chemical or electrical signals D)the exchange of DNA between the cells - CORRECT ANSWER C An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight, and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures. When they move into the shade and rest, which animal will cool down faster? A)The elephant will because it has the higher surface -area-to-volume ratio. B)The elephant will because it has the lower surface -area-to-volume ratio. C)The mouse will because it has the higher surface -area-to-volume ratio. D)They will cool at the same rate because they overheated by the same amount. - CORRECT ANSWER C An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when _____. A) the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C B)the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise C)a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water D)the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the f ollowing is an example of negative feedback? A)During birthing contractions, oxytocin (a hormone) is released and acts to stimulate further contractions. B)When a baby is nursing, suckling leads to the production of more milk and a subsequent increase in the secretion of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates lactation). C)After a blood vessel is damaged, signals are released by the damaged tissues that activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals that activate more platelets. D)Low acidic pH in the stomach 1 -2 hours after a meal diminishes the release of gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid into the stomach lumen - CORRECT ANSWER D Which pair incorrectly associates a physiological process with the appropriate hormone? A)release of stomach gastric juice gastrin B) release of bicarbonate solution from the pancreas into the duodenum via the bile duct secretin C)release of amylase from the pancreas into the duodenum via the bile duct prolactin D)release of bile from the gall bladder into the duodenum via the bile duct cholecystokinin (CCK) - CORRECT ANSWER C Because the foods eaten by humans are often composed largely of macromolecules, we need to have mechanisms for _____. A)dehydra tion synthesis B)acid and enzymatic hydrolysis C)regurgitation D)demineralization - CORRECT ANSWER B In the stomach, protein digestion is enabled by: A)gastrin stimulation of ECL, parietal and chief cells, B)acetylcholine stimulation of G cel ls, C)gastrin -releasing hormone stimulation of goblet cells, D)pepsinogen stimulation of ECL cells - CORRECT ANSWER A Parietal cells in gastric pits release _______? A)hydrogen and chloride ions that combine into an acid that unfolds large prot eins making them vulnerable to enzymatic attack by pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme that functions optimally in acidic environment, B)pepsinogen, an inactive form of a proteolytic enzyme, that once unfolded in an acidic environment, cleaves itself into pepsin, the active enzyme, C)histamine that stimulates ECL cells to release pepsinogen, D)gastrin into the stomach lumen, enabling gastrin to unfold large proteins making them vulnerable to pepsin -mediated digestion. - CORRECT ANSWER A Secretin, a horm one released from S cells in the duodenal wall by acidic solutions, stimulates _____. A)the release of dissacharidases from the pancreas B)the release of CCK from I cells in the duodenal wall C)the release of bicarbonate solution from the pancreas D)optio ns B and C, combined - CORRECT ANSWER D On completion of stomach digestion of a meal, acid chyme released from the stomach into the duodenum stimulates the S cells and I cells in the duodenal wall to release hormones into the blood that stimulat e the pancreas to_____. A)neutralize the acidic mixture in the duodenum B)initiate the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum C)initiate the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the duodenum D)options A, B and C, combined - CORRECT ANSWER D The pancreas is involved in the digestion of _____. A)Carbs B)Fats C)Proteins D)All the above - CORRECT ANSWER D Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body. For glucose, absorption is enabled by _____ in the apical membrane of enterocytes. A)Na+/amino acid co -transporters B)Na+/glucose co -transporters C)Aquaporin -3 D)Na+/K+ ATP -ase p umps - CORRECT ANSWER B Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body. For fatty acids, absorption is enabled by _____ in the apical membrane of enterocytes. A)Na+/fatty acid co -transporters B)Na+/glucose co -transp orters C)Fatty acid transporters D)Chylomicrons - CORRECT ANSWER C Establishment of electrochemical gradients are key to the successful function of many cells, including enterocytes tasked with absorption of nutrients and water. One energy -
consu ming, membrane -bound cell structure is vital for enabling glucose, amino acid and water absorption: A)GLUT2 glucose transporter
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