microbiology exam 3 all possible "area of question" terms
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Course
Microbiology
Institution
Microbiology
microbiology exam 3 all possible "area of question" terms
analytical epidemiology
analyzes a particular disease to determine its probable cause (Nightingale)
antitoxins
antibodies against specific toxins
base substitution (point mutation)
change in one base in DNA
clinical trial
test and ...
microbiology exam 3 all possible "area
of question" terms
analytical epidemiology
analyzes a particular disease to determine its probable cause (Nightingale)
antitoxins
antibodies against specific toxins
base substitution (point mutation)
change in one base in DNA
clinical trial
test and control group (hypothesis and experiment), part of experimental epidemiology
coagulases
coagulate fibrinogen
codons
groups of 3 mRNA nucleotides that code for a particular region
collagenase
break down collagen
commensalism
one organism benefits, the other is unaffected
communicable disease
a disease that spreads from one host to another
constitutive genes
expressed at a fixed rate
contagious disease
disease that are easily and rapidly spread from one host to another
defense mechanisms of the body
skin
eyes
nose and throat
mouth
large intestine
urinary and reproductive system
degeneracy
amino acids encoded by several codons
descriptive epidemiology
collection and analysis of data (Snow)
DNA gyrase
relaxes supercoiling ahead of replication fork
DNA ligase
makes covalent bonds to join DNA strands (Okazaki fragments and segments in
excision repair)
DNA polymerase
synthesize DNA, proofreads and facilitates repair of DNA
donor cells (conjugation)
, carry plasmid (F factor) and are F+ cells
endotoxins
released only when bacteria die and cell walls break down
epidemiology (T/F question?)
branch of medicine that deals with incidence, distribution, and possible control of
diseases and other factors relating to health
examples of cytopathic effects
1. stopping cell synthesis
2. causes cell lysosomes to release enzymes
3. creating inclusion bodies in the cell cytoplasm
4. fusing cells to create a syncytium
5. changing host cell function or including chromosomal changes
6. inducing antigenic changes on the cell surface
7. loss of contact inhibition in the cell, leading to cancer
exceptions to Koch's postulates
1. some pathogens can cause several disease conditions
2. some pathogens cause disease only in humans
3. some microbes have never been cultured
exotoxins
proteins produced and secreted by bacteria, soluble in bodily fluids, destroy host cells
and inhibit metabolic factors, membrane disrupting (secrete toxin outside the cell)
factors contributing to EIDs (10)
1. genetic recombination (escherichia coli O157 and avian influenza H5N1)
2. evolution of new strains (vibrio cholerae O139)
3. widespread use of antibiotics and pesticides (antibiotic-resistance strains)
4. changes in weather patterns (Hantavirus)
5. modern transportation (Zika, West Nile encephalitis)
6. insect vectors
7. ecological disaster, war, and expanding human settlement
8. animal control measures (Lyme disease)
9. public health failure (diphtheria)
10. bioterrorism
gene expression
genetic information is used within a cell to produce the proteins needed for the cell to
function
generalized transduction
random bacterial DNA is packaged inside a phage and transferred to a recipient cell
helicase
unwinds double stranded DNA
Hfr cell
contains the F factor on the chromosome, becomes integrated into the chromosome
(high frequency of recombination)
hyaluronidase
digests polysaccharides that holds cells together
igA proteases
destroy igA antibodies
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