Detailed in-class notes for Human Geography (GEOG 1101) with full version of Chapter 10: Political Geographies. This note will cover all materials for chapter 3 in exam 2 during online Human Geography summer class.
Human Geography (GEOG 1101)
Chapter 10: Political Geographies
Political Geography
● It's related to governing to formal government institutions that make rules, past
laws, manage and make legislation
● Different governing have different jurisdictions or geographies that they govern
● It's about borders and boundaries (mobility and immigration) + citizenship (belonging
to place give you rights and responsibilities), protest, disaster management
3 "P" about Political Geography
● Power: how institutions or groups of people create and maintain control over
population and territories. Not everybody has power and power operates differently in
different places. People can challenge power and authority through protesting or
contesting.
● Politics: organizations and mechanisms involved in influencing or regulating people
and places. Ex: law, rules, forms of debating, discussion about politics, lobbying
(assert influence on decision makers)
● Place: boundary with shared characteristics.
Power in politics intersect with geography as people try to make and contest the
meaning of space or who has power and authority in a space what the people with power
and authority attempt to achieve
States and Nations
● State: an independent political unit with recognized boundaries
● Nation: a group people sharing certain elements, bring them together in a imagined
community or culture => sense of belonging community or culture
● Nation-State: state and nation match up which means that a group of people share a
sense of community and they have a recognized independent political unit to govern,
regulate, manage themselves
● Sovereignty: the exercise of power over people and territory that is recognized and
codified by law. It is the supreme power of sovereignty when you have the authority
to exercise power over people and territory. Exception: indigenous or tribal groups
that have sovereignty within the US over certain areas.
● Citizenship: category of belonging to a place or a state includes certain rights and
responsibilities. Ex: rights to vote, paying taxes
● Nationalism: feeling of belonging and the belief in the right of a nation or a group of
people to exist. Involved in the identity of a nation and the displaying of flag, pledge
of allegiance or national anthem, money
Where is the "state" in the US?
, ● Formal government buildings, places where elected officials or other state officials
who are appointed into jobs go do their work of a state regulating and maintaining
control over a place and people. Legislative branch with congress, the executive
branch with the president, and the judicial branch with judges and courts, and all
state agencies like the FBI, departments of natural resources, international aid
organizations.
● State is dynamic and complex. State is a place, a territory and is also a set of
institution and practices
+ State is also outside of buildings and country which is political jurisdiction through military
and policing who operate domestically to get people and places to comply with what the
state wants, state police security. Armed enforcement and compliance of the state
+ State institutions (ex: UGA, public elementary school, Peace Corporate Volunteer) are
closely associated with politicians or people that politicians appoint. UGA gets parts of its
funding from state funds, public tax.
+ Mundane things like Public roads financed by government, water, social support services
like food stamps, unemployment rights
=> maintenance of society, set all rules and regulations, provide lots of basic services
and resources
How does the state work?
● Political Geography is fundamentally concerned with "the state"
● 3 theories about state
● Althusser
+ State as repressive: institution of force that makes people comply with rules, law,
regulations of a place. Ex: the police, courts, armies
+ State as ideological force: institution that propagates the ideology of the state in the ruling
class of a society. Ex: communications, media, religions => how we should be a good citizen
of a particular state
Ex: ideological state apparatus ( ex: how to work hard, do good work, how to be competitive,
remind that you're in a particular country so it's a pledge of allegiance to it), citizen class
● Michel Foucault
+ Modern states produce self-governing citizens who act in ways that benefit of the state
=> determine citizen's conduct of conduct change through time and be contested and
reproduced
+ Discourses: coherent narrative stories tell us something about the world (what the world is
and how it should be), knowledge of population is very important to shape the conduct of
conduct. Ex: citizens, women, soldiers
Example: The White House Garden as health promotion which is a formal rule (not force,
legislate), influence citizens' behavior coming from the government, state
● Giles Deleuze
+ The state is a machine (force) : the force is greater than the formal institutions at the
same time. Its purpose: regulate and dominate, get people to be willing to submit to its
authority
+ The state has existed in some form for a long time.
Ex: Squatters/Protestors and the World Cup in Brazil
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