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Summary Radiopharmacy
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Industrial pharmacy - 1st semester Includes bullet points, key diagrams and images
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Radiopharmacy Used for imaging, in vitro testing and treatment
Atomic Structure
Nuclear stability determined by: relative amount of protons to neutrons,
nucleonic binding and mass defect
Shell model- nucleons arranged in shells
Magic number 2, 8, 200, 28, 50, 82, 126
Isotopes with higher magic numbers have higher nuclear binding so more stable
Isotopes with an even number of nucleons are more stable
Isotopes with a high neutron count are more unstable
The mass defect of an isotope is always less than the theoretical mass
E=mc2 so can calculate nuclear binding energy
To separate the nucleons input energy=nuclear binding energy
Alpha Radiation
α particles contain 2 protons and 2 neutrons
No electrons so a 2+ charge
Released when the nucleus is very heavy
Daughter nuclide decreases in atomic number by 2 and MW by 4
Beta Minus Radiation
β particle is an electron so 1- charged
Occurs if the nucleus is neutron rich
Neutrons breakdown to a proton, electron and anti-neutrino
np+b-+v
Daughter nuclide increase in atomic number by 1 and same MW
Beta Plus Radiation
Is a positron so a 1+ charge
Occurs if nucleus is neutron poor
Proton breaks down to a neutron, positron and neutrino
Daughter nuclide decrease in atomic number by 1 and same MW
Gamma Ray and X-ray
No mass or charge
ϒ rays come from the nucleus
X-rays come from the electrons
ϒ Rays
Generated from isometric transition (excited above ground state)
Occurs if the nucleus is metastable
ϒ rays emitted when electron returns to ground state
Daughter nuclide no change in atomic number or MW
X-Rays
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