BP - slowly open the valve on the bulb to release the pressure in the cuff
BP, bulb press - decrease at a rate of no more than 2-3mmHg/sec.
BP Air released too quick - false reading
Abdominojugular test or reflux - positive -> JVD
Resting pulse pressure - 40mmHg
Widened pulse pres...
CVRN Exam Review Questions and Answers 2023 BP - slowly open the valve on the bulb to release the pressure in the cuff BP, bulb press - decrease at a rate of no more than 2 -3mmHg/sec. BP Air released too quick - false reading Abdominojugular test or reflux - positive -> JVD Resting pulse pressur e - 40mmHg Widened pulse pressure - increased CV risk Abnormal pulse pressure - less than 25% of SBP Common cause of narrow pulse pressure - drop in L vent stroke vol Trauma, narrow pulse pressure - blood loss, insuff preload -> reduced cardiac output Extremely low pulse pressure - low stroke volume (HF, shock) Other causes of narrow pulse pressure - aortic valve stenosis and cardiac tamponade Causes of wide pulse press - stiffness of major arteries, aortic regurg, AV malformation, hyperthyroidism, f ever, anemia ACE inhibitors - lower pulse pressure Cushings triad - High resting pulse pressure with bradycardia and irregular breathing -> increased intracranial pressure High pulse pressure can lead to - afib 5mg of folate - > decreased pulse pressure; reduces artery stiffness and may prevent S HTN ABI - ankle brachial index, evaluates upper limb and lower limb SBP; do not do if patient has absent/dim pulses ABI criteria - < 0.4 ischemic; > 1.3 calcified Rhonchi - course whee zes Crackles - not cleared with cough R lung - 3 lobes; RML can only be assessed from the anterior chest; RLL cannot be assessed from the anterior chest L lung - 2 lobes; LLL cannot be assessed from anterior chest LDL risks - < 160 if no evidence of CV D/diab; <130 OK with 2 risk factors; <100 is acceptale is there are risk factors for CVD Bell of stethoscope - used for listening to low -pitched sounds and murmurs (s3,s4) Diaphragm of stethoscope - used to heart high pithced sounds (s1, s2), ejection cl icks, opening snaps, murmurs Aortic area - 2nd intercoastal space, RSB Pulmonic area - 2nd intercoastal space, LSB Tricuspid area - 5th intercoastal space, LSB Mitral area - 5th intercoastal space, midclav line, apex Ventricular diastole - rapid passive filling, s3 heard -> s4 heard Atrial systole - 30% more volume to ventricles, s4 heard S4 - late active phase of ventricular filling and are caused by atrial s ystole S1 - AV valves closing (mitral and tricuspid); phase of "isovolumetric" contraction where tension is increasing in the muscles but without shortening of muscle fibers; signifies onset of ventricular systole; LV depolarizes and contracts slightly be fore RV (may hear split M1 -> T1) S2 - Aortic/pulmonic valves closing Splitting of s1 - RBBB audible split in the first sound LBBB, RV paced, and RV premature beats - cause a singular sound because mitral valve closure is delated, the mitral and tricusp id componets fuse Splitting of s2 - inspiration, S1 -> A2 -> P2; expiration is S1 -> S2 Split A2 - > P2 heard In - A or V septal defect, RBBB, pulm HTN, pulm stenosis
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