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ISA- Arborist Review (Questions And Answers)
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ISA- Arborist Review (Questions And Answers)
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ISA- Arborist Review (Questions And Answers)abiotic Correct Ans - pertaining to the nonliving parts of an ecosystem,
such as soil particles, bedrock, air, water.
abscisic acid (ABA) Correct Ans - a plant hormone that stimulates stomatal closure and promotes seed and bud dormancy.
abscission zone Correct Ans - a wall of cells at the base of a petiole, that allows the leaf to separate from the stem. - two functions: leaf drop and to protect the region of the stem against desiccation
acceptable risk Correct Ans - the amount of risk that an owner is willing to accept before tree failure.
acidic soil Correct Ans - having a pH less than 7.0, in contrast with alkaline which has a pH that is higher than 7.0.
actinomycetes Correct Ans - microorganisms that have some characteristics of fungi and bacteria. Soil actinomycetes are very tolerant of water stress and contribute through their actions to that "good earth" aroma after a rain.
action threshold Correct Ans - the point at which a pest requires the implementation of a management tactic or control.
acute crotches Correct Ans - stronger and wider than a co-dominant crotch, they are not likely to be a branch that will fail in high winds and are considered desirable.
adaptive growth Correct Ans - an increase in wood production in localized areas on a tree, in response to a decrease in wood strength or external loading to maintain an even distribution of forces across the structure. adsorption Correct Ans - adhesion on contact of molecules to the surface of solids or liquids with which they are in contact.
adventitious/epicormic growth Correct Ans - new growth arising directly from dormant or new buds on main branches, stems, or trunks often in response to moisture and light that has no connection to apical meristems. Correct Ans - adventitious root: Correct Ans - a root arising from parts of the root or
the stem, often in response to moisture and darkness that has no connection to apical meristems.
aerial roots: Correct Ans - roots that grow from stems toward the soil with the capacity to become prop roots when they anchor in the soil.
aerobic microorganisms Correct Ans - these microbes require free, gaseous oxygen for growth.
aggregate: Correct Ans - soil such as sand, silt, or clay, a cluster of soil particles and organic matter, bonded together by exudates from microorganisms. It is often used under paved surfaces, as backfill.
agroforestry or agro-sylviculture: Correct Ans - is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.
ait terrminal Correct Ans - the uppermost point of a lightning protection system in a tree. It is usually made of copper.
alkaline soil Correct Ans - having a pH greater than 7.0, in contrast with acidic soil which has a pH lower than 7.0.
alkaloids Correct Ans - substances that are produced by trees and contain nitrogen and are used by humans for medicines.
allelopathy Correct Ans - the production of substances by one tree that
adversely affect other trees nearby. Root exudates from some trees can kill or stall growth of many soil organisms. amy;lase Correct Ans - an enzyme that can change the starch chains back to glucose molecules.
anerobic microorganism Correct Ans - these microbes live in the absence of free oxygen.
anon-eye nut Correct Ans - drop-forged eye nut is used to fasten through-hardware anchor(s), used when cabling trees. Advantage is the length of the rod can be adjusted.
angiosperms Correct Ans - hardwood trees that have covered seeds such as oaks and maples. The seed is born within an ovary.
anions Correct Ans - negatively charged atoms or molecules in fertilizer that become available to the plant in water.
anther Correct Ans - the pollen producing part of a flower.
anthocyanin Correct Ans - a chemical that gives the red pigments to leaves and other plant organs.
apical meristem Correct Ans - meristems that increase the length of stems and roots, and produce flowers.
apoplast (apoplasm) Correct Ans - the framework of non-living cells and cell walls in wood and bark. The apoplast stores bound water, which does not flow.
arboriculture Correct Ans - the art, science, technology, and business of commercial, public, and utility tree care. Arboriculture focus is on the tree while the focus of forestry is on all trees.
arborist Correct Ans - an individual engaged in the profession of arboriculture who, through experience, education, and training, possesses the competence to perform the management of trees and other woody plants. arbuscular mycorrhizae: Correct Ans - commonly called endomycorrhizae infects the internal tree root cells and are most common in deciduous forests.
armillaria root disease: Correct Ans - cause death to trees under all types of stress by reducing absorption and translocation of water and minerals from the soil to the tree.
arthropods: Correct Ans - microscopic insects and mites that are vital in processing soil organic matter and mineralizing detritus.
ascender: Correct Ans - attached to the rope, this piece of equipment will grip in one direction (down) and slide in the other (up) allowing the climber to ascend up the rope in contrast with descender.
axial parenchyma Correct Ans - cells that run in a vertical direction on the trunk.
axil Correct Ans - the point of attachment of a leaf petiole to a stem.
back cut Correct Ans - a cut made on a tree trunk or branch, opposite from the notch, face cut, or undercut.
bacteria Correct Ans - organisms that break down organic and inorganic materials such as fungi, insects, and animals in the soil. They also detoxify harmful substances and adjust the soil pH. Many also convert nitrogen in the air to a usable form for tree growth. Bacteria can be found everywhere that life can be supported.
barrier zone Correct Ans - a barrier zone is a chemical boundary within the wood present at the time of wounding which resist the spread of pathogens.
balancer Correct Ans - a rigging sling(s), usually with at least one spliced eye and a Prusik to position the load line.
bark Correct Ans - a protective covering on the outside of a tree trunk and made of an outer periderm and an inner phloem. It keeps moisture and gases in the tree and resists attack by insects and microorganisms.
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