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nanotechnologytechnology?
basics of
nanotechnology: atomic, molecular or macro-molecular level in a
length scale 1-100
of nanometers
more of these small "clumps"can be added to grow above this range
the size of nanotechnology should be the cause for new properties / functions
you should be able to control/manipulate on the nanometer/subnanometer/atomic scale
Richard Feynman:the father nanotechnology
of
he wasn't
recognized his
at time but later on received the nobel prize
he thought he could store more computer information on a smaller computer
ne used synthesis chemistry to make particles smaller causing them to behave differently
making nanomaterials
top-down:starts bulk
at (micro-or milli-scale) and is crushed to become smaller (nanometer)
bottom-up manipulating atoms to create larger objects in the nanometer scale
most used by chemists
atomic basics
atoms:fundamental building blocks matter
of
element:identifies the type of atoms
defined by the number o fatoms
molecules:a set of at least 2 atoms in different
arrangements held together by chemical forces
compound:composed different
of types of atoms
ion:(groups of atoms with net positive/negative charge
quantum numbers:
principal quantum number (n):defines size & energy levels
indicates the shell where the electron is
a greater means a large orbital and more energy
atomic weight determines where the electrons will be
angular quantum number (1):determines subshell where electron is for
a given n
possible integral values between 0 and n- |
the orbital has a unique shape and letter
shape gives information on the angular node at an orbital
angular node:region where there will likely benoelectrons
magnetic quantum number (mi):defines the orientation
for a given (there's 21+1 integral values
spin quantum number (ms) determines spinning motions of electrons
MS "/2
=
or MS = -
1/2
chemical bonds
electronegativity:measures the ability of an atom to attract an electron
polarity:more charge on one side then the other
bonding electron
covalent sharing between non-metallic atoms
can create molecules or networks of solids
types of bonds:
sigmabond (0):the overlap of as particles
creates single b onds
covalent
atoms can rotate freely like beads on a string
pibond (TT):overlap a
of parallel p-orbitals
forms I areas of electron densities above and below the molecule formed
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